Plants chilling requirement

Continuously increasing the pressure at the chlorine coolers first gradually reduces the number of plants that require a chilled water system. Beyond about 2.3 atm, the acceptable temperature exceeds the quadruple-point temperature of the chlorine hydrate... 

Description Chloro Sulphonic Acid is taken into agitated reactors having jacket for cooling with chilled brine. A large capacity chilling plant is required to maintain sub-zero reaction temperatures to produce toluene sulphonyl chloride with more of ortho isomer compared to para. 

Where the distance to the customer is very large, or where a gas pipeline would have to cross too many countries, gas may be shipped as a liquid. Gas has to be chilled to -160°C in a LNG plant to keep it in liquid form, and is shipped in refrigerated tankers. To condition the gas for liquefaction any COj, HjS, water and heavier hydrocarbons must be removed, by the methods already discussed. The choice of how much propane and butane to leave in the LNG depends upon the heating requirements negotiated with the customer. 

Refrigeration is required for the cold storage rooms and to provide chilled water for the plate heat exchangers. The cellars are very wet areas, and the cooling plant should be designed to maintain as low a humidity as possible, to help preserve the building structure. 

The central plant is now required to supply chilled water through flow and return pipes, plus a much smaller quantity of fresh air. No air return duct may be needed. 

Although the toxicity of metallic copper is very low, many copper(II) salts may have varying degrees of toxicity. Inhalation of dusts, mists or fumes of the metal can cause nasal perforation, cough, dry throat, muscle ache, chills and metal fever. Copper in trace amounts is a nutritional requirement, used metaholically in plant and animal enzymes and other biological molecules. It can be either a toxicant or a nutrient within a concentration that may be in the same order of magnitude. 

The absorption plants use a hydrocarbon solvent similar to kerosene in boiling range. This is chilled to about -25°C or lower and used to absorb the required components. Because of the low... 

Tomatoes require full sun and deep soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Work in plenty of compost before planting to add organic matter. Tomatoes require moderate levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, and moderate to high levels of potassium and calcium. Tomatoes grow best between 75° and 90°E Temperatures over 100°F can kill blossoms, while temperatures below 50°F can cause chilling injury. 

Hardy bulbs, tulips require winter chilling to bloom. Where temperatures don t fall low enough, several weeks in a refrigerator at 40°F provides the necessary cold period. In cold-winter climates, plant tulips in fall, at least I month before the ground freezes. Keep bulbs cool until planting exposure to temperatures over 70°F reduces flower size. Plant... 

Jacket services—It is common in BPC facilities, especially those which are reconfigured frequently to accommodate the production of different materials, to have each major vessel equipped with identical utilities, such as chilled water, plant steam, compressed air, and coolant. The use of identical utility configurations on the vessels maximizes the flexibility of the facility, reduces the potential for operator error, and simplifies the design of the facility. The control systems for these jacket services on the vessels would also be identical. Under these circumstances, the qualification effort is greatly simplified through the use of identical requirements. 

Add ice slabs (if available from nearby units) for chilled/cooling water system if it is required to immediately control the temperatore in a vessel handling inflammable/toxic vapours and there is a breakdown in the existing refrigeration system. This is a costly method—but it may be able to prevent an accident in the plant. 

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