Plant supplies, costs

Table XVI. Estimate of Capital Equipment and Plant Supply Costs for Reuse Incorporation by the Model Pantyhose Operation...

Alternative Processes for Aluminum Production. In spite of its industrial dominance, the HaH-HAroult process has several inherent disadvantages. The most serious is the large capital investment requited resulting from the multiplicity of units (250 —1000 cells in a typical plant), the cost of the Bayer aluniina-puriftcation plant, and the cost of the carbon—anode plant (or paste plant for Soderberg anodes). Additionally, HaH-HAroult cells requite expensive electrical power rather than thermal energy, most producing countries must import alumina or bauxite, and petroleum coke for anodes is in limited supply. 

Water from public supply costs money, as does that discharged to the public sewer. Except for water which is incorporated into the product of the plant or evaporated to the atmosphere, any water which enters the plant... 

The supplies may include anything from gaskets to toilet paper or from lubricating oil to instrument charts. They are items that are needed in operating the plant. These costs usually amount to around 15%-20% of the maintenance costs. 

Although, in large-scale hydrogen plants, the cost of producing hydrogen is dominated by the cost of feedstock (most often natural gas) used and the cost of fuel used to supply heat... 

Plants Supply Shipping costs from plant x to warehouse y (at intersection) ... 

A plant location problem has arisen. Two possible sites exist for building a new plant, A and B, and two customer locations are to be supplied, C and D. Demands and pro-duction/supply costs are listed as follows. 

Operating costs include the costs of raw materials, direct operating labor, labor supervision, maintenance, plant supplies, utilities (steam, gas, electricity, fuel), property taxes, and insurance. Sometimes certain operating cost components are directly expressed as a fraction of the capital investment cost. Table B.3 is a brief checklist... 

The proposed power plant will produce a gross of 328,500 MW-hr annually or a net of 302,200 MW-hr (8 percent in-plant use) operating at a 75 percent capacity factor. It will consume approximately 470,000 green tons of wood chips which is 100 percent of the energy input. Based on the previously derived cost of fuel of 11.99/ton, the total annual fuel cost will be approximately 5,635,000. Plant operation was estimated to require a staff of 42 with an annual payroll of 714,000. Annual maintenance, chemical and supply costs, and operation and maintenance for the fuel off loading and handling system was estimated to be 727,000/yr. The estimated total operating and maintenance cost for the power plant is 7,076,000/yr. 

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