Planar mirror

The laser interferometer consists of two coupled resonators, one containing the laser, the other the plasma under investigation (Fig. 10). The laser radiation, reflected back from mirror A/s, which contains phase information about the refractive index of the plasma, interferes with the laser wave in cavity A, resulting in an amplitude modulation of the laser output 267). This modulation can be related to the refractive index and therefore to the plasma frequency and electron density. With a curved rather than a planar mirror, the sensitivity can be increased by utilizing transverse cavity modes 268). 

Here too, the experimental points are first smoothed. A planar mirror is placed perpendicular to the sheet of paper, the base of the mirror intercepting the curve at the point where the tangent is to be determined. By rotating the mirror around a vertical axis, it is led to a position normal to the curve this position is attained when the curve and its image appear continuous. The knowledge of a normal provides the tangent. 

The third type of symmetry element that we will consider is the mirror plane, usually designated a. A mirror plane can be considered to be equivalent to an infinitely thin, double-sided planar mirror within the molecule or object. The simplest example of a mirror plane is the molecular plane for any planar molecule. Reflection of the atoms in the molecular plane... 

Fig. 3.8 Schematic diagram of a Czemy-Tumer monochromator illuminated by a focused beam of light. The diffraction grating consists of a highly reflecting planar surface in which sawtoothshaped grooves are etched. Mirrors Ml and M2 are concave-shaped, mirror M3 is a planar mirror that directs the light to the exit slit The aperture in front of the lens prevents overfilling of the mirror, which would result in stray light inside the monochromator...

EM=Ellipsoidal mirror, PM = Planar mirror. S= Sample (Reproduced by permission of Harrick Scientific Corporation, Ossining, NY 10562)... 

FIGURE 28 Resonant cavity consisting of a partially reflective planar mirror and a highly reflective concave back mirror. As the sample cools, the resonance condition changes and the cavity length must be actively stabilized. Hoyt (2003). 

Fig. 1.7 Elements of a spectrophotometer. The light chopper typically is a spinning mirror with sectors that alternately transmit and reflect the beam, so that the photodetector alternately registers the intensities of light beams passing through the sample or the reference cuvette. The monochromator sketched here consists of a rotatable diffraction grating shaded), two curved mirrors, two planar mirrors, and entrance and exit silts for adjusting the spectral resolution. PD photodetector (photomultiplier or photodiode)...

Fig. 1.8 Elements of an FTIR spectrometer. Radiation from the IR source is collimated by a spherical mirror and then split into two beams by a partially silvered mirror (center). The beams are reflected by planar mirrors and are recombined after they pass through the sample. Moving one of the planar mirrors back and forth as indicated by the double arrow changes the length of one of the optical paths...

Thus, laser oscillation occurs inside a resonator confining the laser light. The resonator defines the frequency distribution and the spatial distribution of the output light. A resonator with planar mirrors separated by distance L supports longitudinal modes with discrete frequencies... 

A semiconductor MC is very similar to a simple Fabry-Perot resonator with planar mirrors. However, due to the penetration of the cavity field into DBRs, the depth is given by [110]... 

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