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Plague characteristics

Note This depiction is deduced from Forman s three plague treatises, though no such rigorous scheme was maintained throughout them. The terms marked with an asterisk are used only in the 1(307 treatise, though the thtee types were described according to their characteristics in the earlier treatises. [Pg.110]

While these optimization-based approaches have yielded very useful results for reactor networks, they have a number of limitations. First, proper problem definition for reactor networks is difficult, given the uncertainties in the process and the need to consider the interaction of other process subsystems. Second, all of the above-mentioned studies formulated nonconvex optimization problems for the optimal network structure and relied on local optimization tools to solve them. As a result, only locally optimal solutions could be guaranteed. Given the likelihood of extreme nonlinear behavior, such as bifurcations and multiple steady states, even locally optimal solutions can be quite poor. In addition, superstructure approaches are usually plagued by the question of completeness of the network, as well as the possibility that a better network may have been overlooked by a limited superstructure. This problem is exacerbated by reaction systems with many networks that have identical performance characteristics. (For instance, a single PFR can be approximated by a large train of CSTRs.) In most cases, the simpler network is clearly more desirable. [Pg.250]

Biomarkers are often used in test batteries to evaluate the effects of exposure to multiple sources of contaminants and to detect responses to various sources of pollution, such as harbours, miscellaneous industrial sites and municipal and hospital wastewaters. Field studies with biomarkers are often plagued by various constraints, such as spatial variation (e.g. change in habitat characteristics), temporal variation (e.g. cycle of reproduction) and availability of organisms that can hamper data acquisition and prevent the use of multivariate methods during... [Pg.216]

These considerations also haw an immediate practical consequence for the experimental determination of (s ) (in, say, the SFA experiment see Section 5.3.1) because these average values would inevitably be plagued by a certain systematic error on account of thermal fluctuations. In other words, there will be a distiibution of substrate separations about the average value that is characteristic of the physical nature of the confined fluid. Therefore, this error cannot be reduced by any more sophisticated device... [Pg.59]

These two categories, described above in their pure form, coalesce in certain phenomena that exhibit the essential features of both— that is, the dangerousness to self, characteristic of illness, and the dangerousness to others, characteristic of crime. One such phenomenon, all too familiar to medieval and Renaissance man, was contagious illness. When, at last, toward the end of the thirteenth century, Europe was rid of leprosy, it was swept by successive epidemics of bubonic plague which decimated the population. Then, in the sixteenth century, syphilis assumed epidemic proportions. [Pg.20]

Epizootic cycles occur approximately every 5 years. The last large epizootic with a large die-off of rodents (1982-1984) was accompanied by the highest number of humans infected with plague since the urban epidemics of the first quarter of the century. The numbers of rodents slowly recovered to their characteristic levels by 1991, and the stage is now set for another epizootic, with the potential for increased human plague infections.45,46... [Pg.491]


See other pages where Plague characteristics is mentioned: [Pg.181]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.390]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.503]    [Pg.394]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.747]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.605]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.394]    [Pg.208]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.151 , Pg.153 ]




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Plague

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