Placenta, hamster

According to one estimate, the total dose of enzyme needed for each patient requires extraction of material from approximately 50,000 placentae or 100 millions placentae for the 2000 patients currently on enzyme replacement therapy. With the gene cloned and expressed in large quantities in a fully glycosylated human recombinant form in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the availability of the enzyme is less restricted. However, the cost of manufacturing remains high, partly due to the relatively high dose of enzyme needed to produce therapeutic effects. Annual cost of enzyme replacement therapy may be upward of 80,000 for each patient. 

P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases (MFO), which in the case of PAHs are called AHHs. AHH is an ubiquitous enzyme system and has been found in a variety of tissues including liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract of rats, mice, hamsters, and monkeys. AHH has also been detected in human liver, lung, placenta, lymphocytes, monocytes, and alveolar macrophages (Singer and Grunberger... 

The absence of teratogenic effects of Ni " in rats, compared to hamsters or mice, did not reflect a failure of Ni " to cross the rat placenta, as radiotracer studies with NiCl2 demonstrated substantial concentrations of... 

Effects of cadmium on the developing embryo or fetus have been studied by many investigators since the report by Paiizek in 1964 that a single maternal injection of cadmium at gestation days 17-21 resulted in a destruction of the fetal portion of the placenta and feted death. The first published reports of cadmium-induced teratogenesis described studies with the hamster " cadmium-induced teratogenicity was subsequently reported for the rat, and for the mouse Using a different experi-... 

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