Pitzer, Kenneth

KENNETH S. PITZER, Department of Chemistry and Radiation Laboratory, University of California ... 

Selected Papers of Kenneth S. Pitzer by Kenneth S. Pitzer... 

An excellent source is Thermodynamics by Kenneth S. Pitzer (McGraw-Hill, 1995), an update of an early classic in the field. 

Department of Chemistry, Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA e-mail walester lbl.gov... 

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CHE-8214689 and CHE-8214665 and also by the Research Corporation. We gratefully acknowledge our collaborators, Professor Kenneth S. Pitzer and Professor Yoon S. Lee, who were intimately involved in the development of the formalism and methods presented herein. In addition, Professor K. Balasubramanian has applied the REP-based method to a wide variety of molecular systems containing heavy atoms and has kindly kept us informed of the progress of his studies. 

Also in the 1930s, detailed studies about the thermodynamic stability of adducts of silver(I) with olefins were carried out by Howard Lucas and coworkers, who determined the equilibrium constants between the hydrated Ag+ ion and the corresponding cationic olefin silver(I) complex in dilute aqueous solutions of silver nitrate [25]. In the context of this work, Saul Winstein and Lucas made an initial attempt to describe the interaction between Ag+ and an olefin by quantum mechanics [26]. Assisted by Linus Pauling, they explained the existence of olefin silver(I) compounds in terms of resonance stabilization between the mesomeric forms shown in Fig. 7.4. Following this idea, Kenneth Pitzer proposed a side-on coordination of Ag+ to the olefin in 1945 and explained the stability of the corresponding 1 1 adducts as due to an argentated double bond , in analogy to his concept of the protonated double bond [27]. He postulated that the unoccupied s-orbital of silver(l) allowed the formation of a bond with the olefin, similar to the s-orbital of the proton. 

Lewis, Gilbert Newton and Randall, Merle. Thermodynamics. Revised by Kenneth S. Pitzer and Leo Brewer. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. 1961. 

At Berkeley, Kenneth Pitzer and Samuel Ruben recommended use of nontoxic butane instead of highly toxic phosgene for the field studies of gas cloud dissipation. Phosgene is poisonous, dangerous to handle, and difficult to analyze in the field. Butane has similar thermodynamic properties and would be transported by air in the same way as phosgene. Sam Ruben and Bill Gwinn had developed a simple, ingenious, practical way to measure and record trace amounts of butane in air. In the late summer and early... 

Kenneth Pitzer received his Ph.D. at Caltech, was appointed as Instructor at Berkeley in 1935, and, over time, was promoted to become Professor, third Dean of the College of Chemistry, President of Rice University, and President of Stanford University. In a letter to me, Pitzer explained the history of the Rat House and how it came to be named ... 

When we showed these results to the recently promoted Major Nolen, he became quite excited. He pointed out that if we had a satisfactory way to estimate the parameter K, we could extrapolate the munitions tables obtained at Bushnell to all the sites of Table 6.1. He urged us continue to think about the problem. We thought about using Kenneth Pitzer s pancaking theory (Chapter 2) to solve for an initial area and dosage, and then switch to the statistical diffusion theory and Table 6.1 to complete the calculation. 

Dedicated to Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer, my late teacher, colleague and friend, who first made me aware of this relativistic c6Fea... 

Science Foundation under Grant CHE-9302414 awarded to S.H.E. The authors also thank Professor Kenneth Pitzer for a careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments and Dr. Horst Borrmann for his critical evaluation of the Crystallographic work and for his assistance in compiling the final document. 

The author thanks Professors Leo Brewer, Kenneth Pitzer, Robert Connick and Beat Meyer for helpful discussions. Professor Gary Rochelle, University of Texas, contributed information on the Radian program. Dr. Tom Pierce of EG G contributed the Radian calculations. This work was supported by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center, U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 to the University of California. 

Few obligations are as pleasant to meet as my duty to thank the many people who so graciously contributed to this book. They include Captain Kevin Pitzer, Ph.D., who described the medicinal chemistry practiced at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. From the National Institutes of Health, Richard Drury and Dr. Kenneth Kirk acquainted me with chemical research in their organizations. Respectively, Frank E. Walworth and Dr. Mary Jordan from the American Chemical Society kindly reviewed passages and generously contributed salary data from surveys. Novelist Barry A. Nazarian offered gentle criticism. So did Dr. Thomas C. Nugent of Catalytica, Inc., who read the whole manuscript and drew the distinction between process research and process development that appears here over his name. 

In the 1970s, Kenneth Pitzer and his associates developed a theoretical model for electrolyte solutions combined the D-H equation with additional terms in the form of a virial equation. This has proven to be extraordinarily successful at fitting the behavior of both single- and mixed-salt solutions to high concentrations. Recent summaries of this model are provided by Pitzer (1979, 1987), Harvie and Weare (1980), and Weare (1987), and much of the following discussion is adapted from these articles, particularly those by Harvie and Weare (1980) and Pitzer (1987). 

In 1973 Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (1914-1997) imdertook an attempt to take into accoimt these interactions in the solution s composition. He included binary interaction cation-anion, anion-anion, cation-cation, cation-neutral component, anion-neutral component, neutral component-neutral component and triple interaction cation-cation-anion, anion-anion-cation, etc., for which he expanded first member of equation (1.78) into a series of addends with virial coefficients (Pitzer, 1973). Each of these addends characterizes one type of interaction. His model of more detailed accounting of the interaction between components of water solution is sometimes called the Pitzer model. According to it, equation (1.78) acquired the format of a virial equation of the state of solution, or Pitzer equation with virial coefficients ... 

Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,... 

---