Pinus excelsa

Only a few aldehydes and ketones of this class have so far been met within woody portions of plants. Perillaldehyde (30) has been detected in turpentine oil of Pinus excelsa, Cuminaldehyde (67) has been isolated from the twig oil of Chrysothamnus nauseosa. The presence of menthone (68) in American turpentine oil and piperitone (69) and pulegone (70) in the resin from Shorea maranti have been reported (207, 275 vol. Ill c). Racemic carvone (71) has been found to occur in the heartwood of Bursera graveolens to the extent of 5% (120). From the roots of Pluchea odorata, 5-(angeloyloxy) carvotagetone (72) has been isolated (51). 

The conifers are an important source of diterpenoids. Several labdanes have been detected in the neutral fraction of the oleoresin of Araucaria excelsa, including manool as well as nor-labdanes [42]. Some neutral diterpenoids, such as enMabd-8, 13(E)-dien-15-ol and its acetate, were obtained after extraction of the resin of Araucaria bidwillii [43], while the normal series of the above labdanes have been isolated from Cistus creticus subsp. creticus [44]. From Pinus sylvestris, 3P-hydroxybiformene has been obtained, while from the needles of the American red wood pine (Pinus resinosa), 8,13-epoxy-labd-14-en-19-oic acid, was isolated. In Pinus nigra, labdane acids have been found to be the major acid components of its needles [45,46]. The occurrence of diterpenoids including labdanes in conifers has been published as a review of the chemistry of the order Pinales [47],... 

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