Pine, prince

L.-J. Proust detected manganese in the ash of the pine, the fig tree, the calendula, and other plants (144). In 1849 Prince Salm-Horstmar found it in the ash of the oat plant (45). According to A. T. Shohl, plants store manganese in their leaves and seeds, and use it as an essential element in their nutrition (146). 

Long-term exposure of microbial populations to certain toxicants often is necessary for adaptation of enzymatic systems capable of degrading those toxicants. This was the case with the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska in 1989. Natural microbial populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, had developed enzyme systems that oxidize petroleum hydrocarbons because of long-term exposure to natural oil seeps and to hydrocarbons that leached from the pine forests in the area. Growth of these natural microbial populations was nutrient limited during the summer. Thus the application of nutrient formulations to the rocky beaches of Prince William Sound stimulated microbial growth and helped to degrade the spilled oil. 

Chimaphila. Pipsissewa Prince s pine bitter win -tergreen rheumatism weed ground holly pyrola pine tulip. Dried leaves of Chimaphila umbeBata (L.) Nutt., Ericaceae. Habit. Europe, Asia, North America. Conslit Chimaphilin, arbutin, ericolin, urson, tannin, resin. 

Common/vernacular names. Chimaphila, prince s pine, bitter wintergreen, spotted win-tergreen, and holly. 

Kayahara, G.J., K. Klinka and I. Moss. 1995. Site index-site quality relationships for lodgepole pine, interior spruce, and subalpine fir in the Sub-boreal Spruce zone of British Columbia. Contract Report to Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd., Prince George, B.C. 24 pp. 

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