Pills administration

In experimental work, some accidental exposures, or in the administration of medicine, the dose may be a certain quantity of the chemical administered at one time, such as in a pill, an injection, or an accidentally swallowed poison. In industry, time is a factor in most exposures, and the dose is the result of both the concentration of the toxic agent and the duration of the exposure. 

As an alternative to oral contraceptive pills, which must be taken daily in order to reliably prevent pregnancy, non-oral contraceptives in the form of transdermal, transvaginal, and injectable preparations are available and offer patients safe and effective alternatives to the pills for prevention of pregnancy. These formulations also do not require daily administration, making them more convenient than the pill formulations. 

Provide either in vitro or in vivo assay results for representative compounds, describe how the in vitro or in vivo assay protocol is performed, and describe how and why the test results demonstrate that the tested compounds exhibit a useful pharmaceutical property. Ideally, provide and link in vitro assay results to in vivo assay results that in turn demonstrate that the claimed compounds can be used to treat or prevent a disease. Describe how to administer the application s compounds and intended administration recipients (e.g., humans), including dosage amounts and dosage forms (e.g., pills, tablets, capsules), possible ways of administering the dosage... 

Like the medical treatment of uterine leiomyomas, danazol, gestrinone, mifepristone, and GnRH-a, with or without add-back therapy, have been proposed for the treatment of endometriosis as well (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004), but unlike leiomyomas, oral contraceptive pills, in cyclic or continuous administration, and medroxyprogesterone acetate also seem to be effective (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004). A significant benefit in terms of pelvic pain relief also is obtained with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004). 

One potentially serious consequence of enz)rme induction relates to the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), which may be rendered ineffective by induction of its metabolism. The effect of a period of drug administration on circulating... 

Progestin-only contraception One tablet every day at the same time. Administration is continuous, with no interruption between pill packs. Every time a pill is taken late, especially if a pill is missed, pregnancy is more likely. 

The recently introduced product Concerta is a once-a-day administration MPH delivery system called OROS (osmotically released). This delivery system creates an ascending plasma level pattern instead of the peak-and-valley pharmacokinetic profile seen in the IR preparations. Similar extended-delivery bead-technology, double-pulse preparations have been introduced for Metadate-CD at 10, 20, and 30 mg (Green-hill et ah, 2002, in press) for the spheroidal technology of Ritalin-EA, and for Adderall-XR preparations (McGough et ah, 2002, in press). Beaded stimulant preparations mix IR and delayed-release beads in a capsule. The patient can swallow the capsule whole or sprinkle the contents in food if pill taking is difficult for the child. 

It is a combination of estrogen and progestin given together for remarkable efficacy, safety and ease in administration. It has total 21 pills, each pill is given orally for 21 consecutive days beginning on the 5th day of menstrual cycle (when the bleeding occurs... 

To interact chemically with its receptor, a drug molecule must have the appropriate size, electrical charge, shape, and atomic composition. Furthermore, a drug is often administered at a location distant from its intended site of action, eg, a pill given orally to relieve a headache. Therefore, a useful drug must have the necessary properties to be transported from its site of administration to its site of action. Finally, a practical drug should be inactivated or excreted from the body at a reasonable rate so that its actions will be of appropriate duration. 

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