Xanthophyll cycle pigments

Keywords Fluorescence Iron Light Phaeocystis Pigments Xanthophyll cycling... 

Havaux, M. and F. Tardy. 1996. Temperature-dependent adjustment of the thermal stability of photosystem II in vivo Possible involvement of xanthophyll-cycle pigments. Planta 193 324—333. 

Verhoeven, A.S., Adams, III, W.W., Demmig-Adams, B., Croce, R., and Bassi, R. 1999. Xanthophyll cycle pigment localization and dynamics during exposure to low temperatures and light stress in low and high light-acclimated in vinca major. Plant Physiol 120 1-11. 

The composition and amount of pigments in marine environments have also been vigorously investigated. Thus, on RP-HPLC method has been developed for the study of the effect of variable irradiance on the xanthophyll cycle of the seagrass Zostera marina. Extraction of pigments from seagrass was carried out by grinding the samples with acid-washed sand in the presence of 1 ml of 90 per cent acetone and the liquid phase was... 

S. Demers, S. Roy, R. Gagnon, C. Vignault (1991). Rapid light-induced changes in cell fluorescence and in xanthophyll-cycle pigments of Alexandrium excavatum (Dinophyceae) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae) A photo-protection mechanism. Mar. Ecol Prog. Ser., 76,185-193. 

Gilmore AM, Shinkarev V, Hazlett TL and Govindjee (1998) Quantitative analysis of the effects of intrathylakoid pH and xanthophyll cycle pigments on chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetime distributions and intensity in thylakoids. Biochemistry 37 13582- 13593... 

The loss of lutein (80 to 100 %) in lutl and lut2 is compensated for by increases in the abundance of other carotenoids, most notably specific P, 13-carotenoids (Fig. 4). lutl mutants accumulate the biosynthetic intermediate, zeinoxanthin to approximately 50% of the wild-type lutein level and in addition have elevated levels of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. Iut2 mutants have an even larger increase in xanthophyll cycle pigments, plus a smaller increase in /3-carotene. Antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin normally accumulate transiently in response to high... 

KonigerM, Harris GC, Virgo A and Winter K( 1995) Xanthophyll-cycle pigments and photosynthetic capacity in tropical forest species A comparative field study on canopy, gap and understory plants. Oecologia 104 280-290 Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227 680-685... 

Fig I. Schematic of the trans-thylakoid organization of the violaxanthin cycle. De-epoxidation (VDE) and epoxidation (ZE) activities are depicted as taking place on free pigments in the lipid phase. The pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (V, A, and Z) are shown as exchanging between the lipid phase and LHCII, under light or temperature stress. It is speculated that carrier proteins may facilitate this exchange. Zeaxanthin in conjunction with the transthylakoid ApH leads to NPQ in LHCII. The role of membrane- localized protons in NPQ is controversial. 

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