Pierce’s disease

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Xylellafastidosa A tiny bacterium that causes plant diseases that are economically important, such as Pierce s disease, a lethal disease to grape vines. 

In southern California, the Anaheim development started in 1857 and finally planted over a thousand acres of grapes in that area. Unfortunately, it was destroyed after 1888 by a mysterious vine disease, now known as Pierce s disease (from a bacterial agent). 

Vines stunted, unproductive, eventually dying. Causes Grape phylloxeras grape scale Pierce s disease. Grape phylloxeras are aphids that infest both leaves and roots. Leaf infestation causes harmless, pealike leaf galls. Root infestation causes knotlike root galls that prevent nutrient uptake and cause stunting and death of the vine. 

Pierce s disease, a bacterial disease common in the South, is spread by leafhoppers. Infected vines typically show scorched, dried leaves in midsummer, wilted dried fruit, and eventual death of the vine. There is no cure for this disease. Dig up infected plants and replant with disease-free stock. Muscadine grapes are resistant to Pierce s disease, as are the American grape cultivars Champanel , Herbemont , and Lenoir . 

Riaz, S., Tenscher, A.C., Graziani, R., Krivanek, A.R, Ramming, D.W., Walker, M.A., 2009. Using marker-assisted selection to breed Pierce s disease-resistant grapes. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 60, 199-207. 

Krivanek, A.F., Riaz, S., Walker, M.A., 2006. Identification and molecular mapping of PdRl, a primary resistance gene to Pierce s disease in Vitis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 112,1125-1131. 

Tourney, J., December 20, 2013. PD Resistant Vines Available in 2015 Pierce s Disease Research Symposium Highlights Progress and New Tools. Wines Vines. Retrieved from http //www.winesandvines.com. 

Mortensen, J.A., Stover, L.H., 1990. Best combiners during dOyears of breeding Vitis cultivars resistant to Pierce s disease. Proc. S Int. Symp. Grape BieedVitis (special issue), 271-277. 

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