PID Controller Tuning

Fig. 4.35 Closed-loop step response of temperature control system using PID controller tuned using Zeigler-Nichols process reaction method.

PID controller tunings for this model have been given by a number of researchers [9-13], Chen and Fruehauf [9] have given an industrial example of the level control in a distillation column where the open loop dynamics follows the IPTD model with parameters kp = 0.2 and d = 1A min. 

S. Skogestad, Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning, J. Process Control 13 (2003) 291-309. 

Table 2.43 lists the equations to be used in determining the proportional, integral, and derivative settings for a PID controller tuned for load disturbance using the various criteria listed in Table 2.44. The selection of the performance criteria can be done manually or automatically (per programming).

Model predictive control was conceived for multivariable systems with changing objectives and constraints. In simpler situations, a PID controller tuned according to internal model control (IMC) principles [8] can deliver equal performance with much less effort. 

Find the ultimate gain and period of the closedloop three-CSTR system with a PID controller tuned at t/ = To = 1. Make a root locus plot of the system. 

The PID controller is the most commonly used feedback controller in industry, with three tunable parameters as stated previously. The integral component ensures that the tracking error, E t), is asymptotically reduced to zero, whereas the derivative component imparts a predictive capability, potentially enhancing the performance. Despite its apparent simplicity, the subject of PID controller tuning has been discussed in several textbooks and thousands of research papers since the landmark work of Ziegler and Nichols (1942). In practice, despite these developments, most PID controllers are tuned as PI controllers for several reasons. 

Using Matlab simulates and develops a tuning parameter, model validity in case study This paper is arranged as the following part 2, History review of PID controller tuning techniques. In part 3 there is a brief introduction to the PROCEL pilot plant, on e model is presented in part 4,in part 5,a discussion. ... 

O Dwyer, A. (2000) A summary of PI and PID controller tuning rules for processes with time delay. IFAC Digital Control Past, Present and Future of PID Control, Terrassa, Spain. 

The inclusion of this algorithm has added four tuning constants. When feedforward is added to an existing feedback scheme we will show later that it may be necessary to retune the PID controller. Tuning seven constants by trial and error would be extremely time-consuming. While a little fine tuning may be necessary we should use the process dynamics to obtain the best possible estimate. Ideally we should be able to obtain an estimate which works first time. 

More recent developments in the area of PID controller tuning fall into three categories ... 

This chapter consists of five sections. Section 7.2 presents the development of the PID controller tuning rules for first order plus delay processes. Sections 7.3 and 7.4 illustrate the new tuning rules using simulation and experimental studies, respectively, and compares the results with those obtained using the IMC-PID tuning rules. Section 7.5 presents the development of the PID tuning rules for integrating plus delay processes. 

Table 7.1 Normalized PID controller tuning rules (subscript 1 PID margins subscript 2 PI margins)...

Skogestad, S., Simple Analytic Rules for Model Reduction and PID Controller Tuning, J. Process Control, 13,291 (2003). 

Table 12.1 presents the PID controller tuning relations for the parallel form that were derived by Chien and Fruehauf (1990) for common types of process models. The IMC filter / was selected according to Eq. 12-21 with r = 1 for first-order and second-order models. For models with integrating elements, the following expression was employed ... 

Lee, Y., S. Park, and M. Lee, PID Controller Tuning to Obtain Desired Closed-Loop Responses for Cascade Control Systems, lEC Research, 37,1859 (1998). 

Supervisory control often involves the optimization of set points in order to maximize profit. Can the same results be achieved by optimizing PID controller tuning (Kc, t/, t/j), in order to maximize profits Are regulatory (feedback) control and supervisory control complementary ... 

Since the general IMC method is unnecessarily complicated for processes that are well approximated by first-order dead time or integrator dead-time models, simplified IMC rules were developed by Fmehauf et al. [5] for PID controller tuning (see Table 5.1). 

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