Phytosterols enriched foods

Dunford, N. T., and King, J. W. 2000. Phytosterol enrichment of rice bran oil by super critical carbondioxide technique. I. Food Sci., 65,1395-1399. 

Garcia-Llatas G, Rodriguez-Estrada MT (2011) Current and new insights tui phytosterol oxides in plant sterol-enriched food. Chem Phys Lipids 164(6) 607-624... 

Plant sterols (phytosterols), especially 4-desmethyl sterols, have recently gained much scientific and commercial interest due to the introduction of plant sterol-enriched foods and dietary supplements with marked serum cholesterollowering efficacy. Due to the structural similarity between cholesterol and 4-desmethyl plant sterols, the intake of optimal amounts of plant sterols and stanols (saturated sterols) lowers intestinal cholesterol absorption and results in a 6-15% reduction in semm LDL cholesterol concentrations. 

Dunford NT, King JW. 2000. Phytosterol Enrichment of Rice Bran Oil by a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fractionation Technique. J. Food Sd. 65 1395-1399. 

Weststrate, J.A. et al., Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Rart 4. Faecal concentrations of bile acids and neutral sterols in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine. Food Chem. Toxicol, 37, 1063, 1999. 

Com bran obtained as a by-product finm the dry-milling of com and yields an oil that contains the above mentioned phytosterols (28). Ifowever, these ferulate phytosterol esters (FPE) are present at very low levels (l.S wt%) in the predominately triaqrlglycerol (TAG)-based oil. Therefore, enrichment of these moieties is desired since thQr can be used as nutraceuticals, commanding a high value in the functional foods market ( 18-20/kg) (29). 

Their capacity to decrease serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and, thus, in protecting against CVD, has led to the development of functional foods enriched with plant sterols. At present, several functional products, such as spreadable fats, yoghurts, and milk, with free phytosterols or phytosteryl fatty acid esters or phytostanyl fatty acid esters added at high levels, are available in the market, especially in several European countries. ... 

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