Phytochemicals hydroxycinnamic acids

Polyphenolic phytochemicals are classified into three major groups phenolic acids, fla-vonoids, and tannins. Phenolic acids include hydroxybenzoic, hydroxyphenylacetic, and hydroxycinnamic acids (Figure 11.3.3). Hy-droxycinnamic acids are the most widely distributed of the phenolic acids in plant tissues. The important hydroxycinnamic acids are p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Most hydroxycinnamic acids are rarely encountered in the free state in nature. They occur as glucose esters and, more frequently, as quinic acid esters (Herrmann, 1989). Phenolic acids are usually detected at wavelengths between 210 and 320 nm. In general, the polarity of phenolic acids is increased mainly by the hy-... 

KR Price, F Casuscelli, IJ Colquhoun, MJ Rhode. Hydroxycinnamic acid esters from broccoli florets. Phytochem 45 1683-1687, 1997. 

Phenolic compounds constitute one of the most numerous and widely distributed groups of phytochemicals in the plant kingdom. More than 8000 phenolic compounds have been described and this list continues to expand.49 Phenolic compounds exist as simple molecules, such as the phenolic acids, to highly polymerized structures, such as the proanthocyanidins. Harbome48 classified phenolics into 10 subclasses based upon their chemical structure these subclasses include the simple phenolics, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, among others. The flavonols represent one of the most commonly distributed classes of flavonoid compounds. 

Phytochemical Content high in carotenoids (in seeds), polyphenols (cyanidins, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids)... 

Phytochemical Content high in polyphenols (anthocyanins—particularly delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides and rutinosides, quercetin, hydroxycinnamic acid, proanthocyanidins)... 

High Nutrient Content protein, prebiotic fiber, antioxidant A-C-E vitamins (diminished by heating), B vitamins, dietary minerals High Phytochemical Content carotenoids (beta-cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene) polyphenols (anthocyanins, particularly delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides and rutinosides, catechins, proanthocyanidins, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, hydroxycinnamic acid)... 

Imperato, F. Sulphate Esters of Hydroxycinnamic Acid-Sugar Derivateives from Adiantum capillus-veneris. Phytochem. 21, 2717 (1982). 

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