Phytochemicals coumarins

Teng, W.Y., Chen, C.C., and Chung, R.S., HPLC comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction of coumarins from the peel of Citrus maxima fmit, Phytochem. Anal, 16, 459, 2005. 

In addition to the presence of natural coumarin derivatives, phytochemical analysis found that dong quai also contains ferulic acid and osthole as ingredients. Ferulic acid was reported to have antithrombotic activity (38). Similarly, study using the closely related Angelica pubescens also found osthole to be antithrombotic (39). These two chemical constituents exert their antithrombotic effects by interfering with different pathways responsible... 

Bourgaud F, Hehn A, Larbat R, Doerper S, Gentler E, Kellner S, Mahem U (2006) Biosynthesis of Coumarins in Plants A Major Pathway Still to Be Unravelled for Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Phytochem Rev 5 293... 

In summary, 150 secondary metabolites, besides those common compositions of the plant, have been found and isolated from A. annua, including compounds isolated from endophytes inside A. annua. To date, all phytochemical studies in relation to A. annua have led to 60 sesquiterpenes 16 mono-, di-, and ttiterpenes 46 flavonoids 7 coumarins 9 miscellaneous components and 13 endophyte-produced natural products. 

Bourgaud R, Hehn, A.Y., Larbat, R., Doerper, S., Gontier, E., KeUner, S. and Matern, U. (2006) Biosynthesis of coumarins in plants a major pathway still to be unravelled for cytochrome P450 enzymes. Phytochem. Rev., 5,293-308. 

The National Cancer Institute, through its Experimental Food Program (3), has identified many phytochemicals that can interfere with and potentially block the biochemical pathways that lead to malignancy in animals. These phytochemicals fall into approximately 14 classes of substances that are present in common foods. They include sulfides, phytates, flavonoids, glucarates, carotenoids, coumarins, monoterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, phenolic acids, indoles, isothiocyanates, and polyacetylenes. 

Crosby subsequently reported an alternative approach toward the synthesis of 3,4-unsubstituted pyrones employing ethyl 3,3-diethoxy-propionate (18) in place of malic acid. This procedure allowed ready access to the phytochemical scopoletin (19). This method is highly sensitive to the nature of the phenolic coupling partner, however resorcinol and phloroglucinol are not converted to the corresponding coumarins using this methodology. 

Bhardwaj, D.K., R. Murari, T.R. Seshadri, and R. Singh Liqcoumarin, a Novel Coumarin from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Phytochem., 15, 1182 (1976). 

Berrie, A.M.M., Parker, W., Knights, B.A., and Hendrie, M.R., 1968, Lettuce seed germination. I. Coumarin-induced dormancy, Phytochem., 7 567. 

Phenolic compounds are a diverse group of phytochemicals classified into flavOTioids, phenolic acids, lignans, coumarins, phenols, phenylpropanoids, quinines, stUbenoids, and xanthmies. Flavraioids, which make up the largest cadre among phenolics, are further subdivided into anthocyanins, ilavanols including proanthocyanidins, flavo-nols, dihydrollavonols, flavones, isoflavonoids, flavonones, chalcones, and... 

Bubeva-Ivanova, L., and N. S. Pavlova Phytochemical Study of Colladonia triquetra. I. Natural Coumarins. Farmatsiya (Bulgaria) 1, 30 (1969) Chem. Abs. 71, 57558 (1969). 

Further, phenolic phytochemicals can be targeted for antimicrobial applications. Many phenolic containing Ifuit and herbal products have shown to possess antimicrobial activity agdimsi Listeria monocytogenes (Chung etal. 1990 Hao et al. 1998 Puupponen-Pimia etal. 2001 Sa-gun et al. 2006). Recent research with purified compoimds from natural products has shown that phenolic phytochemicals such as cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehydes, coumarins, capsaicin, and tannins have anti-7/. pylori activity (Bae et al. 1999, 1998 Jones et al. 1997) when caffeic and gallic acid have Staphylococcus aureus inhibitory activity (Kwon etal. 2007). 

Gray A I 1983 Structural diversity and distribution of coumarins and chromones in the Rutales. Phytochem Soc Eur Ser 22 97-146... 

Harmala P., Vuorela H., Hiltunen R., Nyiredy S., Sticher O., Tornquist K., Kaltia S. Strategy for the isolation and identification of coumarins with calcium antagonistic properties from the roots of Angelica archangelica. Phytochemical Analysis, 3 42-48 (1992). 

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