Physical hydrogels

Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators Edited by Federico Carpi and Elisabeth Smela 2009 John Wiley Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-0-470-77305-5 

By using the similar design principles for both hydrogel types, they can be tailored to incorporate recognition motifs that respond to specific biomolecular events. 

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Liu B, Lewis AK, Shen W (2009) Physical hydrogels photo-cross-linked from self- assembled macromers for potential use in tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 10 3182-3187 Vandermeulen GWM, Tziatzios C, Duncan R et al (2005) Peg-based hybrid block copolymers containing alpha-helical coiled coil peptide sequences control of self- assembly and preliminary biological evaluation. Macromolecules 38 761-769... 

Foo C, Lee JS, Mulyasasmita W et al (2009) Two-component protein-engineered physical hydrogels for cell encapsulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106 22067-22072... 

Physical hydrogels were formed induced by self-assembled water-insoluble and crystalline polypseudorotaxane domains which act as physical crosslinking points. Such physical hydrogels include the polypseudorotaxane systems of a-CD threading on PEO or its copolymers, a-CD threaded on PEI, PL, or their copolymers, and even 3-CD or y-CD threaded PPO or PEI copolymers. The thermo-reversible and thixotropic properties of these supramolecular hydrogels have inspired their applications as injectable drug delivery systems. Physical hydrogels induced by physical interaction of threaded CD molecules in polyrotaxanes were also developed. 

Boucard et al. [184] prepared bilayered physical hydrogels for the treatment of fullthickness bum injuries in a pig model. The upper rigid protective layer is generated from a solution of chitosan hydrochloride in hydroalcoholic medium and is designed to provide suitable mechanical properties and ensure gas exchange. The lower layer is soft and flexible, which can fill the shape of the wound and ensure... 

Sun, T.L. et ah. Physical hydrogels composed of polyampholytes demonstrate high toughness and viscoelasticity. Nature Materials, 2013. 12(10) 932-937. 

Hanabusa K, Hirata T, Inoue D, Kimura M, Shirai H. Formation of physical hydrogels with terpyridine-containing carboxylic acids. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2000 169(1) 307-316. 

Hanabusa. K. Hirata. T. Inoue. D. Kimura, M. Shirai, H. Formation of physical hydrogels with terpyridine-contain-ing carboxylic acids. Colloids Surf., A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2000. 169, 307-315. 

N. Boucard, C. Viton, D. Agay, E. Mari, T. Roger, Y. Chancerelle, et al.. The use of physical hydrogels of chitosan for skin regeneration following third-degree bums. Biomaterials 28 (2007) 3478-3488. 

The internal dynamics of the physical hydrogels formed by hydrophobic associations was also investigated by rheological tests. In Fig. lOa-c, the elastic modulus, G (filled symbols), the viscous modulus, G" (open symbols), and the loss factor tan 5 G"IG lines) of HM PAAm hydrogels with and without SDS are... 

Koopmans C, Ritter H (2008) Formation of physical hydrogels via host-guest interactions of P-cyclodextrin polymers and copolymers bearing adamantyl groups. Macromolecules 41 7418-7422. doi 10.1021/ma801202f... 

Masci, G., Husu, L, Murtas, S., Piozzi, A., and Crescenzi, V. 2003. Physical hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) with different syndiotacticity prepared in the presence of lactosilated chitosan derivatives. Macromol. Biosci. 3 455-461. 

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