Physical-chemical conditions

R. Riegman and G.W. Kraay, Phytoplankton community structure derived from HPLC analysis of pigments in the Faroe-Shetland Channel during summer, 1999 the distribution of taxonomic groups in relation to physical/chemical condition in the photic zone. J. Plankton Res. 23 (2001) 191-206. 

I favor the view that life was bound to arise under the physical-chemical conditions that surrounded its birth. .. 

The stratum corneum is likely to contain a number of inhibitors of the various proteases present. CS may be of special interest. Accumulation of CS in the stratum corneum in RXI may be causative of this disease, in which there is evidence of a delayed degradation of desmosomes.28 CS has been shown to inhibit pancreatic serine proteases in vitro, and application of CS on mouse skin in vivo causes a scaling condition.34 In addition to direct effects on enzymes, CS could cause delayed desquamation by acting as a substrate modifier or by changing the physical-chemical conditions in the stratum corneum extracellular space. 

In fact, it is far less in view of the rigidity of the physical-chemical conditions to be satisfied to make their simultaneous occurrence possible. Therefore, at least for a short while, one of the layers will almost always occur at the A-B interface earlier than the other. The absence of one of the layers is thus a physical reality. To explain this phenomenon, there is no need to invoke additional causes like difficulties with nucleating new phases or too slow growth rates producing invisible compound layers. 

N. I. Lebovka and V. V. Mank, in The State of Water in Different Physical Chemical Conditions, Leningrad University, Leningrad, 1986, p. 84 (in Russian). 

Bile salts carry extensive hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) portions in each molecule that attempt to reduce their contact with water (4). This is reflected in rapid, dynamic association-dissociation equilibrium to form self-aggregates or micelles as the total concentration of bile salt solute is increased (the CMC) [2-6]. Experimentally, micelles are undetectable in dilute solutions of the monomers, and are detected in increasing numbers and often size above the CMC [98]. Because bile salt micelles are often small (i.e., dimers) [5], and since self-aggregation continues to proceed in many cases with increasing concentration above the CMC [17,18,20,52,98], the detection of the lowest concentration at which the first aggregates form depends particularly upon the sensitivity of the experimental probes employed [98] and the physical-chemical conditions [3-5]. 

The average size of bile salt micelles and the distribution of micellar sizes around the mean value are important physical-chemical characteristics of a bile salt solution [5,6]. Because bile salt micellar growth is sensitive to total detergent concentration within the micellar phase, with temperature and ionic strength, the physical-chemical conditions must be rigorously controlled and specified [5,6]. Further, most... 

S ince contacts that originate between the particles are the main carriers of strength in disperse structures, a detailed investigation of mechanisms and laws of their formation under different physical-chemical conditions serves as a scientific base for the development of effective methods of controlling mechanical properties of disperse structures and materials. 

The formation of disperse structures with phase contacts takes place under a great variety of physical-chemical conditions, for instance during sintering and pressing of powders. Disperse systems with phase contacts that form in the course of condensation of a new phase from metastable solutions or melts, are commonly referred to as condensation. If the particles that form... 

If we do adopt the latter statement, we are faced with a new problem. According to observations, the area of dissymmetry spreads down to the envelope below the granitic layers of the crust. If the geological envelopes are dissymmetrical because they were and are influenced by the activity of living matter, how can the dissymmetry of, for instance, the region beyond the physical/chemical conditions of life, namely, of the granite and basalt layers with temperatures above the critical point of water be explained ... 

The advantage of using photosyntheric and light-dependent protein biodevices depends on the enzyme specificity in recognizing certain analytes or particular physical chemical conditions. Moreover, their biochemical activities can be easily monitored by amperometric, potenziometric and optical systems. 

E. A. Indeikin, O. A. Kulikova and V. B. Manerov, Physical-chemical conditions for production of alkyd-acrylic dispersion, Macromol Symp, 2002,187,563-71. 

Budding patterns vary depending on culture age, physiological status, and the physical/chemical conditions of culture. For example, Dekkera/ Brettanomyces are described as reproducing asexually through multilateral budding. However, older cells may exhibit a cell shape suggestive of... 

The investigation of the physical-chemical means needed to control the structure and the mechanical (rheological) properties of disperse systems and materials by using an optimal combination of mechanical action and physical-chemical conditions at interfaces is thus the main subject of physical-chemical mechanics. 

In summary, one can say that x-ray diffraction stndies have proven the presence of residual stresses in the strnctnres formed in the conrse of hydration hardening and have made it possible to quantitatively estimate their magnitude under varions physical-chemical conditions. The stresses that originate in the conrse of crystal bridging can reach hundreds of kg/cm and manifest themselves in many different ways depending on the hydration hardening conditions. In particular, the stresses can nndergo partial or complete relaxation in the course of the plastic deformation of the... 

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