Physical and Chemical Characterization of the Modified Material Surface

Physical AND Chemical Characterization of the Modified Material Surface 

Neutron depth profiling technique (NDP) [13]. NDP is a speeial method for depth profiling of few light elements, namely He, Li, B and N in any solid material. The method makes use of speeifie nuelear reaetions of these elements with thermal neutrons. The samples are plaeed in the neutron beam from nuclear reactor and the charged products of the neutron indueed reactions (protons or alpha particles) are registered using a standard multiehannel spectrometer. From the measured energy spectra the depth profiles of above mentioned elements can be deduced by a simple computational procedure. 

InfraRed Spectroscopy (IR). Infrared speetroscopy is an efifeetive method for eharaeterization of polymers as to ehemieal structure. IR speetra of the sample examined are obtained by two basie types of IR spectrometers dispersive or Fourier transform (FTIR) ones. Infrared spectra are usually presented as a dependence of absorption (in pereent transmission) on wave length or wave 

Both Raman and infrared spectroscopy provide qualitative and quantitative information about ehemieal species through the interaetion of radiation with molecular vibrations. Raman spectroscopy complements infrared spectroscopy, particularly for the study of non-polar bonds and certain functional groups. It is often used as an additional technique for elueidating the molecular structure and symmetry of a eompound. Raman spectroseopy also provides facile access to the low frequency region (less than 400 cm Raman shift), an area that is more difficult for infrared speetroseopy. 

Measurement of electrical sheet resistance (two- or four-point method). The simplest technique for measurement of sheet resistance of polymer samples is 

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