Disodium phthalocyanine, preparation

Disilyl selenide, 3 240 Disodium ethylenedithiolate complexes with group VIIB metals, 12 242 Disodium phthalocyanine, preparation and properties of, 7 39... 

Some references cover direct preparation of the different crystal modifications of phthalocyanines in pigment form from both the nitrile—urea and phthahc anhydride—urea process (79—85). Metal-free phthalocyanine can be manufactured by reaction of o-phthalodinitrile with sodium amylate and alcoholysis of the resulting disodium phthalocyanine (1). The phthahc anhydride—urea process can also be used (86,87). Other sodium compounds or an electrochemical process have been described (88). Production of the different crystal modifications has also been discussed (88—93). 

Disodium phthalocyanine (PcNa2) can be prepared in the same way as the dilithium compound by reacting sodium pentoxide in pentan-l-ol with phthalonitrile. It is more sensitive towards moisture and even alcohol than the dilithium phthalocyanine and is readily demeta-lated.58... 

Tin phthalocyanines can be prepared using tin(II)110 or -(IV)154 chlorides. The reaction can be performed in 1-chloro-1 10,1 37,1 55 or 1-bromonaphthalene,154 starting from phthalonitrile110137154,155 or phthalic anhydride. In the second case, urea and ammonium molyb-date(VI) arc added.137 The central tin atom can also be introduced into metal-free phthalocyanine by the reaction with tin(IV) chloride in dimethylformamide.141 Treatment of PcSnCl2 with disodium phthalocyanine in refluxing 1-chloronaphthalenc forms a sandwich-like bis-(phthalocyanine) Pc2Sn.154... 

Disodium phthalocyanine may be prepared by the reaction of phthalo-nitrile with sodium amyloxide in amyl alcohol (10), or from sodium hydride and phthalonitrile (52). It does not sublime, and is readily demetallated by methanol and less readily by the higher alcohols (75). The complex reacts with methyl iodide in ethyl alcohol to give only the unmetallated derivative (10). 

The first route to preparing metal-free Phthalocyanine Blue involves treating phthalonitrile with the sodium salt of a higher-boiling alcohol, for instance with sodium amylate. The resulting phthalocyanine disodium salt is demetallized by stirring in cold methanol ... 

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