Phthalate plasticizers, health issues

Health Issues Related to Phthalate Ester Plasticizers. 165... 

Phthalates, for example di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthal-ate, are common plasticizers used in the PVC industry. These additives make the hard PVC flexible. The USEPA classifies this additive as a probable human carcinogen and there is also evidence of other health issues [52]. 

Recently, a study by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in the USA, dated November 2001, has revealed that isodecy 1 benzoate does not pose an unacceptable risk to human health. In this respect, it is also worth mentioning a report issued by the Danish EPA in 2001, in which different plasticizers are recommended for different purposes. Table 13.2 points out to substitute phthalates in toys by a derivative of citric acid and contains many other suggestions. 

Human exposure to certain plasticizers has been debated because di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), used in medical plastics, has been found at detectable levels in the blood supply and potential health risks may arise from its chronic exposure. A further issue is the use of phthalates in baby-care products and toys. Since yovmg children often put their plastic toys in the mouth, the plasticizers are prone to be leached out and can be swallowed (2). Research with animals revealed a possible endocrine-disruption activity (13). 

The CPSC recommended further study and convened a Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (CHAP) to review the body of scientific data available for phthalates. The CHAP report, issued in 2001, found minimal to non-existent risk of injury for the majority of children." The report added that there might be a risk to children who mouthed DINP-plasticized soft PVC toys for 75 minutes a day or more, day after day, for extended periods of time. In September 2002, after five years of study, the CPSC issued a report concluding that children who mouthed DINP-plasticized toys face no demonstrated health risk and denied the petition calling for the ban of vinyl in toys. Furthermore, the CPSC stated that If DINP is to be replaced in children s products, the potential risks of the substitutes must be considered. Weaker or more brittle plastics might break and result in a choking hazard. Other plasticizers might not be studied as weU as DINP. °... 

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