Photocurrent-voltage curves

Bolts JM, Wrighton MS (1976) Correlation of photocurrent-voltage curves with flat-band potential for stable photoelectrodes for the electrolysis of water. J Phys Chem 80 2641-2646... 

Fig. 16. Photocurrent-voltage curves for />-GaP in contact with crystal violet containing electrolyte (pH = 2) for various illumination intensities (A = 580 nm)...

The photocurrent-voltage curve of a cell made with the I /I2 redox couple (Fig. 8) shows behavior typical of the standard DSSC. The substantial photovoltaic effect is expected from the fact that the dark current (Fig. 4) is negligible positive of about -0.5 V. On the other hand, a cell made with the FcCp2 70 redox couple shows no measurable photoeffect Its current under illumination (Fig. 8) is essentially equal to its dark current (Fig. 4). The photovoltaic effect is negligible because practically all photogenerated charge carriers recombine before they can be collected in the external circuit. In general, fast rates of reactions (4) and (5) tend to eliminate the photovoltaic effect in DSSCs. 

Figure 8 Photocurrent-voltage curves of unpassivated, N3-sensitized Ti02 films under 1 sun illumination showing the difference between the iodine couple and the ferrocene couple. (Data from Ref. 49.)...

Figure 9 Photocurrent-voltage curve obtained for a nanocrystalline 2 solar cell sensitized by black dye. The results plotted were obtained at the NREL calibration laboratory. (From Ref. 20.)...

Figure 16 Photocurrent-voltage curve obtained for a nanocrystalline Ti02 solar cell sensitized by coumarin dye.

Photocurrent voltage curves have been studied with molybdenum selenide crystals of different orientation and different pretreatment. Figure 5 represents results for three typical surfaces of n-type MoSe (JJ+). An electrode with a very smooth surface cleaved parallel to the van der Waals-plane shows a very low dark current in contact with the KI containing electrolyte since iodide cannot directly inject electrons into the conduction band and can only be oxidized by holes. At a bias positive from the flat band potential U where a depletion layer is formed a photocurrent can be observed as shown in this Figure. This photocurrent reaches a saturation at a potential about 300 mV more positive than when surface recombination becomes negligible. 

Figure 12. Photocurrent-voltage curves for a ZnO electrode after two different surface pretreatments (electrolyte 7M KCl)...

Bolts, 3M, and Wrighton, MS, Correlation of Photocurrent-Voltage Curves with Flat-band Potential for Stable Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrolysis of Water, 3. Phys. Chem., 80, 2641, 1976. 

Phospholipid-bilayer membrane 96, 102 Photo-induced charge carriers 97 Photocrosslinking 805 Photocurable polymeric 107 ac Photocurrent 89 Photocurrent-voltage curve 91 Photolithographic 828 Physical adsorption 808 Pipecolic acid 64, 67 Pirimiphos-methyl 531, 687, e299 Plasma e5 water 6... 

Fig. 16 Photocurrent-voltage curve of a solar cell based on complex 26. The cell was equipped with an anti-reflective coating. The conversion efficiency in full AM 1.5 sunlight illumination (100 mW cm-2) is 11.18%. The cell is masked with black plastic to avoid the diffusive light leaving an active cell area of 0.158 cm2...

Fig. 1 Detail of the photocurrent-voltage curve under hand chopped light showing the cathodic current superimposed to the anodic photocurrent.

The Gartner equation (equation (8.6)) provides a satisfactory description of the photocurrent voltage curves measured at many semiconductor electrodes, but it contains no information about electron transfer kinetics because its derivation involves an a priori assumption about the boundary conditions. 

Again, a repeated study of this work [168] on 5-12 nm radii CdS particles (vide supra) led to results that qualitatively matched, but quantitatively varied from, those previously reported by Albery et al.. Observed point by point photocurrent-voltage curves are presented in Fig. 9.9. 

The absence of a current signal derived from the oxidation of particle surface states in the photocurrent voltage curve (Fig. 9.9) compared to that observed in the dark current voltammogram (Fig. 9.7) may be attributed to the photogenerated valence band hole-driven oxidation of those states precluding their participation in a particle-to-electrode electron transfer. As described in Section 9.2.1, the particle surface states may be surface... 

Fig. 70. Photocurrent-voltage curves calculated from eqn. (457). The insets show the calculated variation in majority (n) and minority (p) carriers with x from the surface (x = 0) to the bulk (x W) and the position xRZ at which the form of the recombination law changes.

Fig. 71. Normalised photocurrent-voltage curves calculated from eqn. (492) for a p-type semiconductor with 0O = 1014cm 2s 1, a = 3.3 104cm 1,Ar = 107cm3cm-1, kt = 108cm3s ky = 104cms 1, Na = 8 x 10I6cm 3,e,c = 11, Ln = 7 x 10 6 cm, Nt values (cm-2) are indicated on the figure.

Fig. 72. Photocurrent-voltage curve calculated from eqn. (492) for various light intensities (ernes 1 as shown) using the same parameters, otherwise, as Fig. 71 with Nt equal to 10,3cm .

Fig. 76. Photocurrent-voltage curves calculated for < 0 = 1016cm 2s 1 for addition of a second redox couple that can only be oxidised from the surface state. The parameters are all identical to Fig. 75(a) save that an additional k, value for oxidation of C2 is present. We assume that ktC2 is independent of A Vh and we have curve (a), k,C2 = 0 [as in curve (c) of Fig. 75(a)] curve (b), ksC2 = 103s 1 curve (c), ktC2 = 5 x HPs"1 curve (d), k,C2 = 5 x ltfs 1.

Figure 8. Hypothetical photocurrent-voltage curve measured in a two-electrode arrangement. The short circuit photocurrent, isc, open circuit photovoltage, Vqc. and power point are indicated.

Fig. 17 A, B. Effect of the addition of methanol (part A) and sodium formate (part B) upon photocurrent-voltage curves for a TiOj film electrode in 0.1 M NaOH. Electrode illuminated with the X > 335 nm output of a 150 W Xe lamp...

FIGURE 5.10. (a) Photocurrent voltage curves in IM NH4CI and IM NH4F at pH 4.S (b) photocurrent transients at +0.5 V, Data in NH4CI also show the effect of oxide layer formation as a function of the amount of coulombs having passed before the experiment. (Reprinted with permission from Gerischer and Lubke. 1987 Wiley-VCH.)... 

FIGURE 6,2. Steady-state photocurrent-voltage curves for naked p-type Si and for platinized p-Si. Aqueous solution buffered to pH 6.5. Illumination is at 632.8 nm, 2.5 mW/cm. The platinized p-type Si was prepared by photoelectrochemical redution from 1 x 10 MK2PtCl6in0.1 MNaCI04/H20 at-0.3 until 1.1 x lO -C/cm had passed. After Dominey et... 

Fig. 8 Steady-state photocurrent-voltage curves for naked p-type Si and for platinized p-Si. Aqueous solution buffered to pH 6.6 illumination is at 632.8 nm,...

Figure 2. Photocurrent-voltage curves (10 mV/s) for a p-type Si/[(PQ 2C )J Pd(0)]mrt photocathode where Pd(0) is deposited only on the outer surface of the redox polymer. The illumination source is a He-Ne laser, 632.8 nm, at 10 mW/ cm2, and the exposed electrode area is 0.1 cmi2. The inset shows the power conversion efficiency peaking at pH = 4. Steady-state photocurrent corresponds to H, evolution. Data are from Ref. 35.

Figure 10.8 Potentiostatic photocurrent-voltage characteristics for an illuminated n-CdSeo.65Teo.35 single crystal immersed in either of two types of aqueous polysulphide electrolyte. The top curve is for 1.8 M CS2S and 3 M sulphur bottom curve is for 1 M NaOH, 1 M Na2S, 1 M sulphur. The photocurrent-voltage curves were obtained outdoors in sunny conditions and solar-to-electrical conversion efficiencies are indicated.

Figure 11 Performance of an A11 chlorophyll a Hg photovoltaic cell (A1 negative). Cell area 0.25 cm2, (above) Photocurrent-voltage curve for incident light power 6 x 10-8 W at 745 nm. (below) Light intensity dependence of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current...

Fig. 17 Potentiostatic photocurrent voltage curves for an illuminated n-CdSe single crystal in several aqueous modified ferro/ferricyanide electrolytes in which 1 of the hexacyano (Fe(CN)6) h as been replaced by the indicated ligands.

Fig. 18 Photocurrent-voltage curves of illuminated single crystal n-CdSe immersed in alkaline potassium ferrocyanide electrolytes with and without added cyanide. Inset Photocurrent stability of in several electrolytes, e is the only electrolyte with cyanide. Electrolytes d and e contain low ferricyanide. Electrolyte b contains high ferricyanide. Specifically, e 0.25 m K4fe(CN)g,...

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