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Photochromic

Schematically, the photochromic reaction can be stated by the simple equation 1  [Pg.161]

Substance A has an absorption spectmm in one or more regions of the ultraviolet or visible spectral range. Irradiation of A at a wavelength corresponding to one of the absorption bands results in formation of substance B, which has a visible absorption spectmm different from A. Most commonly, substance A is uncolored or only slightly colored, whereas substance B is colored or appears darker than A. [Pg.161]

The reverse reaction, B returning to A, can be driven either by thermal or photochemical energy, or both. When the reversion is photochemicaHy driven, the process is called optical bleaching. Optical bleaching is a general characteristic and is a factor in almost all photochromic systems, even those normally thought of as being thermally reversible. [Pg.161]

Another important concept in the discussion of photochromic systems is fatigue. Fatigue is defined as a loss in photochromic activity as a result of the presence of side reactions that deplete the concentration of A and/or B, or lead to the formation of products that inhibit the photochemical formation of B. The inhibition can result from quenching of the excited state of A or screening of active light. Fatigue, therefore, is caused by the absence of total reversibihty within the photochromic reaction (eq. 2). [Pg.161]

Photochromic systems can be separated into two broad categories, organic and inorganic. The two types are vasdy different in their observable characteristics and mechanisms, but there are several examples of both which fit the definition of photochromism given. The purpose of the discussion is to define, with the help of the examples, the principle characteristics of each photochromic system. [Pg.161]


Baranov A V, Bobovich Y S and Petrov V I 1993 Surface-enhanced resonance hyper-Raman (SERHR) spectroscopy of photochromic molecules J. Raman Spectrosc. 24 695-7... [Pg.1232]

The carbonylation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-oI (50) in benzene gives teraconic anhydride (51). Fulgide (53) (a dimethylenesuccinic anhydride derivative), which is a photochromic compound, can be prepared by the carbonylation of 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol (52)[21], The reaction proceeds under milder conditions when PdlOAc) is used as a catalyst in the presence of iodine [23],... [Pg.461]

CHROMOGENICMATERIALS - PHOTOCHROMIC] (Vol6) p-Azobenzene-aisonatetrityro sine... [Pg.82]

Semiconductors are materials that are characterized by resistivities iatermediate between those of metals and of iasulators. The study of organic semiconductors has grown from research on conductivity mechanisms and stmcture—property relationships ia soHds to iaclude appHcations-based research on working semiconductor junction devices. Organic materials are now used ia transistors, photochromic devices, and commercially viable light-emitting diodes, and the utility of organic semiconductors continues to iacrease. [Pg.236]

Materials are being developed to exhibit both photochromic and photographic behaviors one such system is based on a substituted indolinospiro-hen opyrene embedded in a polystyrene matrix (26). This system acts as a photochromic system at low exposure in the uv range and at high exposure it functions as a photographic system. The image can be devisualized by heat and can be restored many times with uv irradiation. [Pg.251]

Most textile fibers are delustered with 0.1—3.0 wt % Ti02 to reduce the gHtter and plastic appearance. Many PET fibers also contain optical bTighteners (17). Through the use of soluble dyes or pigments, including photochromic pigments (19), a wide variety of producer-colored fibers and effects is available. [Pg.325]

The commercially available photochromic glasses contain a fine dispersion of silver halide crystallites which ate about 10 nm in diameter and about... [Pg.290]

Post-heat treatment of glass induces phase separation and crystalliza tion A very precise secondary heat treatment is necessary to develop and control photochromic properties. Glass-ceramics receive a thermal ceramming process that induces crystallization... [Pg.311]


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A Photochromic Diarylethene Compound

A Photochromic Product for Sunglasses

Applications of Photochromic Materials

Applications of Photochromism

Applications photochromic glasses

Azo dyes photochromic properties, molecular glasses

Azobenzene-based photochromic

Azobenzene-based photochromic change with irradiation

Azobenzene-based photochromic materials

Azobenzene-based photochromic structures

Azobenzenes photochromism

Azophenols Tautomerizable Photochromes with Fast Switching Speeds

Azophenols photochromes

Benzopyrans photochromism

Betaine photochromic

Bianthrone photochromism

Bichromophoric photochromes

Birefringence in photochromic IsoSm

Bis photochromes

Bistable photochromic system

Changes of Photochromic Single Crystals

Cholesteric reflection, photochromic

Chromenes, photochromic behavior

Chromenes, photochromism

Chromones, photochromism

Chromophores, photochromic

Complexes photochromic

Copolymers photochromic

Cycloadditions photochromism

Cyclohexadiene - hexatriene interconversions photochromic materials based

Details of the Photochromic Probe Method

Diarylethene derivatives photochromism

Diarylethene photochromic dyes

Diarylethene photochromism

Diarylethenes photochromism

Diarylethenes with thiophene photochromism

Diarylethenes, photochromic

Diarylethenes, photochromic compounds

Different Photochromic Properties in Polymorphic Crystals

Dihydroindolizines, photochromism

Direct Observation of Structural Change in Photochromism

Dithienylethene, photochromic properties

Dithienylethene, photochromic properties applications

Dithienylethene-based photochromic

Dithienylethene-based photochromic materials

Effect of Matrices on Photochromism

Effect on Photochromism

Electrical Functions of Photochromic Molecules

Electro photochromism

Electrocyclization, photochromism

Electrospun photochromic polyurethane

Eyeglasses photochromic

Fatigue of photochromic materials

Fatigue photochromic systems

Fatigue, photochromism

Fluorescence photochrome labeling

Fluorescence-photochrome immunoassay

Fluorescence-photochrome method

Fulgide photochromic dyes

Fulgides Synthesis and Photochromism

Fulgides photochromism

Fulgides, photochromic behavior

Fulgimides photochromic reaction

Fulgimides, photochromism

Glass photochromic

Hard segments photochromic

Ideal organic photochromic system

Influence of Photochromism on Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities

Information storage photochromism

Irradiation, photochromic liquid

Irradiation, photochromic liquid crystalline compounds

Irreversible photochromism

Isomerization photochromism

Ligands, photochromic

Liquid crystals photochromic reactions

Medical textiles photochromic

Metals photochromic crown ethers

Microcapsule photochromic

Molecular function photochromism

Molecular switches photochromic

Molecules as Switches, Photochromic Effects

Morphology photochromic single crystals

Multifunctional Molecular-level Systems - Photochromic Flavylium Compounds

Multimode photochromic

Naphthopyran photochromic dyes

Negative photochromism

Nitrogen-containing compounds photochromism

Optical photochromic systems

Organic photochromic material

Organic photochromic molecules

Other Photochromic Polypeptide Systems

Other Photochromic Systems

Outlook of Photochromic Materials

Paramagnetic Species in Photochromism and Photodegradation

Photochrome

Photochrome

Photochromes

Photochromes, thermal irreversibility

Photochromic 2-Chromenes

Photochromic Diarylethene Crystals

Photochromic FRET

Photochromic IsoSm

Photochromic IsoSm copolymers

Photochromic Materials for 3D Optical Memory

Photochromic Mechanism

Photochromic Naphthopyrans

Photochromic Reactions, Substituent Effects and Fatigue Resistance of Phenyl Fulgides

Photochromic Responses in Polymer Matrices

Photochromic amorphous molecular

Photochromic amorphous molecular azobenzene-based

Photochromic amorphous molecular dithienylethene-based

Photochromic amorphous molecular materials

Photochromic amorphous molecular synthesis

Photochromic and Electrochromic Properties

Photochromic anils

Photochromic applications

Photochromic azobenzenes

Photochromic behavior

Photochromic behavior materials

Photochromic behavior of UV-irradiated

Photochromic block copolymers

Photochromic camera filters

Photochromic ceramics

Photochromic compound applications

Photochromic compound elements

Photochromic compounds

Photochromic compounds classification

Photochromic conjugated polymers

Photochromic conjugated polymers main chain

Photochromic crown

Photochromic crown ethers

Photochromic cyclization/cycloreversion

Photochromic data storage

Photochromic decorations

Photochromic degradation

Photochromic diarylethenes containing

Photochromic diarylethenes, synthesis

Photochromic dithienylethenes as dopants in polymers

Photochromic dopant

Photochromic dye

Photochromic dynamic behavior

Photochromic effect

Photochromic eyewear

Photochromic films

Photochromic hybrid materials

Photochromic indolinospironaphthoxazines

Photochromic ink

Photochromic inorganic compounds

Photochromic isomerization

Photochromic isomerization Photochromism

Photochromic kinetics

Photochromic labels method

Photochromic langmuir monolayers

Photochromic lenses

Photochromic liquid crystalline

Photochromic liquid crystalline compounds

Photochromic liquid crystalline moiety

Photochromic liquid crystalline polymer

Photochromic liquid crystalline temperature

Photochromic materials

Photochromic materials fatigue

Photochromic materials memory

Photochromic materials second-order nonlinear optical

Photochromic materials, molecular glasses

Photochromic materials, molecular glasses azo reorientation and surface gratings

Photochromic metal complexes

Photochromic molecular structure influence

Photochromic molecules

Photochromic molecules polarizability

Photochromic molecules second-order nonlinear optical

Photochromic nitrogen-containing

Photochromic nitrogen-containing compounds

Photochromic oxazine compounds

Photochromic perfluorocyclopentenes

Photochromic perfluorocyclopentenes substituents

Photochromic performance

Photochromic pericyclic reactions

Photochromic phase

Photochromic photoinduced anisotropy

Photochromic photomechanical effects

Photochromic pigments

Photochromic polymeric systems

Photochromic polymers

Photochromic polymers applications

Photochromic polymers-azobenzene

Photochromic polymers-optical data

Photochromic polymers-optical data storage

Photochromic polypeptide

Photochromic probe method

Photochromic probes

Photochromic process

Photochromic properties

Photochromic protein

Photochromic quinones

Photochromic reactions

Photochromic reactions spiropyrans

Photochromic reactions, solid state

Photochromic reagent

Photochromic sol-gel materials

Photochromic spiropyrans

Photochromic spiropyrans experiment

Photochromic states

Photochromic sunglasses

Photochromic switches

Photochromic switching

Photochromic switching process

Photochromic system

Photochromic system pyrans

Photochromic system, molecular

Photochromic system, quinone

Photochromic systems of dihydroindolizines

Photochromic systems pyran derivatives

Photochromic systems quantum yields

Photochromic systems reduction-oxidation

Photochromic systems stilbenes

Photochromic systems succinic anhydrides

Photochromic systems, absorption

Photochromic thermal bleaching kinetics

Photochromic thiazoles

Photochromic transformations

Photochromic units

Photochromic viologens

Photochromic windows

Photochromic “dendrimers

Photochromic/photochromism

Photochromic/photochromism

Photochromic/photochromism spiropyran

Photochromicity

Photochromism

Photochromism

Photochromism (Dessauer and Paris)

Photochromism 149 Reduction

Photochromism and Photodegradation of TPID

Photochromism and Related Phenomena

Photochromism and Thermochromism

Photochromism and molecular motion

Photochromism and thermochromism derived from proton tautomerism

Photochromism applications, photochromic materials

Photochromism azobenzene

Photochromism biological

Photochromism by electron transfer

Photochromism crystalline-state

Photochromism diastereoselective

Photochromism electrical conductivity

Photochromism electrospun photochromic polyurethane

Photochromism films

Photochromism glassy polymers

Photochromism in amorphous films

Photochromism in bulk polymers

Photochromism in main-chain polymers

Photochromism in polymer matrices

Photochromism in polymers

Photochromism in the Acid-Base Complex Crystals

Photochromism of 2-Oxaindan Spiropyrans

Photochromism of Molecular Assembly

Photochromism of Pyridine Derivatives

Photochromism of Rhodium Dithionite Complexes

Photochromism of Salicylideneanilines

Photochromism of Thiazines

Photochromism of Viologens

Photochromism ophthalmics

Photochromism optical rotation

Photochromism other optical

Photochromism paramagnetism

Photochromism patent literature

Photochromism photochromic lenses

Photochromism photoelectric effects

Photochromism photoreactions

Photochromism quantum yields

Photochromism reversed

Photochromism rhodium dithionite complexes

Photochromism single crystals

Photochromism smart medical textiles

Photochromism spironaphthooxazine

Photochromism spiropyran

Photochromism spiropyrans

Photochromism transition-metal based

Photochromism triggering mechanism

Photochromism “reverse

Photochromism, definition

Photochromism, polythiophene

Photonics photochromism-based

Photophysical-photochromic

Photoreaction photochromism

Photoswitching Using an Array of Photochromic Molecules

Photoswitching photochromic molecules

Plastic Photochromic Lenses

Plastic photochromic eyewear

Poly photochromic reactions

Polymer matrices, photochromism

Polymers photochromic behavior

Polymers photochromism

Polyoxometalates photochromism

Positive photochromism

Quinones photochromism

Reaction Dynamics of Crystalline-State Photochromism

Reaction crystalline-state photochromism

Redox photochromism

Redox-active photochromic

Reversible Photochromism

SEQUENCE F Introduction to Photochromism The Synthesis of a Photochromic Imine

Second photochromic activation

Silver chloride photochromic glass

Single photochromic

Soft segment photochromic

Special Topic 6.15 Photochromism

Spectral and Photochromic Properties

Spin photochromic

Spin-Triplet-Photochrome Methods

Spiro , photochromic properties

Spirobenzopyran photochromic

Spirobenzopyrans photochromism

Spiroindolinic Photochromes

Spiroindolinobenzopyrans photochromism

Spirooxazine photochromic dyes

Spirooxazines , photochromic

Spiropyran, photochromic

Spiropyranes, photochromic behavior

Spiropyrans photochromic behavior

Stilbene compounds, photochromic

Stobbe condensations, photochromic

Structure-Photochromic Activity Relationships

Surface anisotropic photochromism

Surface photochromism

Surface relief grating azobenzene-based photochromic

Survey of Vibrational Studies on Spiropyran and Spirooxazine Photochromes

Switches with Photochromic Fulgides

Symmetrical photochromic

Syntheses of Photochromic Molecules Based on a 1,5-Electrocyclic Reaction

Synthesis of Photochromic Diarylethenes

Tautomerization photochromism

Thermal processing photochromic behavior

Three-dimensional optical data photochromic materials

Three-dimensional photochromic memory

Triplet-photochrome method

Unsymmetrical photochromes

Windows, electrochromic photochromic

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