Photo-micrograph

Techniques that have been used to measure the prepreg surface roughness were mentioned in Section 7.2.1 and include direct measurement with a micrometer and photo-micrographs of the prepreg cross section. Li and Loos [22,23] showed that a surface topology characterization machine (Talysurf 4) can be used to measure the waviness or roughness of the resin rich... 

Experiments were made on single crystals heated for varying lengths of time. It was shown by photo-micrographs that decomposition started at points on the surface and then spread inward and over surface (Fig. 174). The cross-section... 

Figure 67 Photo-micrograph of surface of ABS after etching with chromic acid (Courtesy of J. K. Dennis and T. E. Such)...

In order to study the growth of particles with temperature, anatase powder (preheated to 150°C) was heated for a period of 3 h at 400, 600, 800 and 1000°C. Marked increase in particle size was noticed in the 600-1000°C region, as indicated by the photo-micrographs. The specific surface area (B.E.T.) of anatase heated at 400°C was 55 m2/g and decreased markedly for samples heated to higher temperatures. The crystallite size normal to the (101) and (110) reflecting planes of anatase and rutile samples was calculated by measuring the X-ray diffraction line-widths of the samples heated at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000°C for 3 h. The Scherrer equation corrected for instrumental line-broadening by Warren s equation was employed for the calculation.16 The line-width of the sample heated at 1000°C was taken as the reference. The crystallite size increases rapidly after 600°C (fig. lb). The transformation of pure anatase also starts only above 600°C. 

Fig. 2. Photo-micrograph of fault structures from the Njord Field, Haltenbanken. (a) Micro-fault zone characterized by dense packing of grains only, (b) Micro-fault zone characterized by dense packing of grains and phyllosilicate enrichment. Dissolution of quartz occur at grain contact with mica (arrow), (c) Micro-fault zone with abundant stylolites.

Figure 7. Photo-micrographs of the casting solution/precipitant interphase at (a) the beginning of the precipitation and after (b) 12 sec., (c) 2 f sec. and (d) 5 min. Series I giving a "finger"-type structure and series II giving a "sponge"-type structure.

Figure 4. SEM photo micrograph of developed P(MMA)profiles gt exposures of 10 co l/cm (tgp), 8 x 10 coul/cm (middle) and 5 x 10 coul/cm (bottom).

Figure 7 Scanning electron microscopy photo micrograph showing the boundary layer between the GSRI-PNF compound and a hard PMMA baseplate. Note the absence of a polymer domain structure in the PNP compound Photograph courtesy of Gulf South Research Institute (23).

An SEM photo micrograph of a nano-dot array is shown in Figure 1. 

The designations SP, 5G, and 9G refer, respectively, to pure mullite, 5 and 9 % Y2O3 additions to mullite and 5C containing Y2Si207. Photo micrographs and SEM microstructures are illustrated in Eigs. 6.53 and 6.54, respectively. 

Photo-micrographs may illustrate both the mosaic structure of metals, and a concentration of impurity between crystal blocks. If diffusion occurs mainly down these boundaries, the permeability of a metal would be governed by their number and nature. The mere fact that oxide is found concentrated in these boundaries does not, however, necessarily imply that diffusion of oxygen occurs along them, since the oxide may be formed within the lattice and then be thrown out of solution in the zones between crystallites. That grain-boundary diffusion plays an important part in diffusion processes such... 

The results of surface morphology studies are shown in Figure 6. The SEM results revealed the spherical structure of agglomerates. The surface morphology studies also revealed that the agglomerates were formed by very small crystals, which were closely compacted into spherical form. These photo-micrographs show that the prepared agglomerates were spherical in shape which enabled them to flow very easily. 

A schematic representation (left) of the development of the ulcer-associated cell lineage evident in the photo micrograph (right). 

Figure 2. Photo-micrographs of Si/IDA electrodes with polymer films cast onto the electrode area (A and C), and blank electrode without film (B). (At this magnification the individual IDA fingers are not resolved).

Figure 18.7 Electron photo-— micrograph (40 OOOx) of semi-...

Fig. 2. Compaction, curve of a commercial spray-dried alumina sample. Regions 1, 2 and 3 correspond to rearrangement, deformation and elastic behavior. The apparent yield stress ((Tayp) is the transition between regions t and 2. The join point (Ojom) is the transition between regions 2 and 3 it is related to the granule envelope density (penv) where inter-granule porosity (eict) is substantially eliminated and intra-granular porosity (eua) remains, (Note points a, b, and c correspond to the photo-micrographs shown in Fig. 3,]...

FIG. 1 Light photo micrographs depicting microstructural coarsening of the eutectic Sn-Ag solders, where the dark phase is Sn and white particles are Ag3Sn. (a) Before aging, (b) after aging at 150° C for 100 hr. (From Ref. 4.)... 

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