Phosphorus ultraviolet atomic emission

Manzoori, J.L., Miyazaki, A., and Tao, H., Rapid differential flow injection of phosphorus compounds in wastewater by sequential spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a vacuum ultraviolet emission line. Analyst 115, 1055,1990. 

The section on Spectroscopy has been expanded to include ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Retained sections have been thoroughly revised in particular, the tables on electronic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. Detection limits are listed for the elements when using flame emission, flame atomic absorption, electrothermal atomic absorption, argon ICP, and flame atomic fluorescence. Nuclear magnetic resonance embraces tables for the nuclear properties of the elements, proton chemical shifts and coupling constants, and similar material for carbon-13, boron-11, nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, silicon-29, and phosphorus-31. 

The components in a mixture separate in the column and exit from the column at different times (retention times). As they exit, the detector registers the event and causes the event to be recorded as a peak on the chromatogram. A wide range of detector types are available and include ultraviolet adsorption, refractive index, thermal conductivity, flame ionization, fluorescence, electrochemical, electron capture, thermal energy analyzer, nitrogen-phosphorus. Other less common detectors include infrared, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic absorption, plasma emission. 

More than sixty elements can be determined by atomic-absorption or flame-emission spectroscopy, many at or below about 1 ppm [4]. Only metals and metalloids can be determined by usual flame methods, because the resonance lines for nonmetals occur in the vacuum-ultraviolet region however, a number of indirect methods for determining nonmetals have been described. For example, chloride can be determined by precipitating it with silver ion and then measuring either the excess or the reacted silver. Phosphorus (525.9 nm) and sulfur (383.7 nm) species (e.g., Sj) exhibit sharp molecular-band emission in the argon-hydrogen flame. 

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