Phosphorus—Iodine

Phosphorus, iodine and sulphur which are all insoluble in water are soluble in liquid ammonia. Since the amide ion, NH2, is a very strong base, liquid ammonia is a good solvent to obtain a strongly basic medium. 

Solid phosphonium iodide may be produced in the laboratory by slowly and very cautiously adding water to an intimate mixture of white phosphorus and iodine. Also, this phosphorus-iodine mixture may be obtained by mixing solutions in carbon disulfide and carefully evaporating the solvent in a stream of inert gas ... 

In place of phosphorus, iodine and water, a dilute solution of hydriodic acid and phosphorus may be used. 

Diiodobutane has been prepared in 51% yield by the reaction of phosphorus, iodine, and tetrahydrofuran. It has also been prepared by the reaction of hydriodic acid with phenoxy-butyl iodide and with the diisoamyl ether of 1,4-butancdiol. ... 

Most metals are silvery solids Phosphorus, iodine, and sulfur (clock-... 

Hydrogen iodide, which is still more easily oxidized than hydrogen bromide, can be prepared by similar methods. The customary method of preparation involves the reaction of water, iodine, and red phosphorus. Iodine and red phosphorus are mixed and placed in a flask, to which water is admitted from a dropping funnel. The reaction involved is... 

Active nitrogen is much more chemically reactive, forming a nitride with mercury in the cold, and combining directly with phosphorus, iodine, sulphur and arsenic. It has no action on molecular oxygen or hydrogen but it decomposes nitric oxide into its elements ... 

The corresponding iodide is unknown, but a phosphazene with a single phosphorus-iodine bond, NjfPCUIjPfR) , has been reported. 

It is only slightly soluble in water. Carbon disulfide is a good solvent for sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, and nonpolar substances such as waxes and rubber. 

The weak phosphorus-iodine bond is readily cleaved by a variety of reagents, for example, mercury readily affords tetrafluorodiphosphine... 

It is a colorless, volatile liquid, having a strong, agreeable, ethereal odor, and a sweet taste sp. gr. 1.497 very sparingly soluble in H3O miscible with alcohol and ether in all proportions boils at 60°.8 (14r.4 F.). It is a good solvent for many substances insoluble in H3O, such as phosphorus, iodin, fats, resins, caoutchouc, gutta-percha and the alkaloids. 

CHs-.CH.COOH + HI = CH2I.CH2.COOH but it is usually prepared by treating glyceric acid, CH2OH.-CHOH.COOH, with hydriodic acid (phosphorus, iodine, and water) —... 

The corresponding F-l-iodophosphalane (59) and F-l,4-diiodophosphane (60) (Fig. 9.15) were prepared in similar reaction involving red phosphorus, iodine, and TFE. In contrast to the synthesis of perfluorinated S(II), Se(II), and P(III) heterocycles, all known methods for the synthesis of perfluorinated S(IV) and S(VI) derivatives involve the reaction of S(II) derivatives with an fluoroox-idant. For example, Abe and Shreeve reported the preparation of thiolanes derivatives 61-64 through the fluorination of the corresponding S(II) or S(IV) derivatives by C1F ° (Fig. 9.16). 

Phosphorus/iodine acetic acid Mercaptans from sulfonic acid dilorides... 

Latent heat of vap. 8381 cal. at 46 . Very inflammable and poisonous. Possesses disimectant and insectieidal properties. Solvent for sulphur, phosphorus, iodine, bromine, and many organic comps. Forms hydrate, 2CS 1 H,0, decomposing at —3 . Gives xanthogenates nth ale. caustic alkalis CS, )- C,HgOK — ... 

In the second paper he describes iodine monochloride (chlorionic acid), composed of one proportion of iodine, and one of chlorine , and the bright yellow trichloride. Iodine monochloride and trichloride were obtained in 1814 by Gay-Lussac by the action of chlorine on iodine. Davy also rediscovered phosphonium iodide as a sublimate of white cubic crystals by the action of iodine on phosphorus in presence of a little water, but thought they were a compound of hydriodic acid and phosphorus. The crystals were obtained by mixing hydrogen iodide and phosphine by J. J. Houton de la Billardiere (or Labillardiere) (Alen9on, 28 October 1755-Paris, 8 January 1834), professor of chemistry in Rouen. The preparation from phosphorus, iodine, and water was described by Senillas and H. Rose. Gay-Lussac discovered, but did not analyse, ethyl iodide (b.p. 64-5°) by distilling ethyl alcohol with very concentrated hydriodic acid (s.g. 1 70). 

Indicate whether the following elements exist as atomic species, molecular species, or extensive three-dimensional structures in their most stable states at 25 °C and 1 atm and write the molecular or empirical formula for each one phosphorus, iodine, magnesium, neon, carbon, sulfur, cesium, and oxygen. 

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