Phosphorus heterocycles, reviews

Phosphorus heterocyclic compounds, 1, 493-538 five-membered ring systems, 1, 513-523 nomenclature, 1, 496 six-membered ring systems, 1, 497-513 Photoaromatization oxirenes from, 7, 125-126 Photobleaching chromenes in, 3, 880 Photochemical reactions heterocyclic compound synthesis from, 5, 159 reviews, 1, 56 heterocyclic compounds reviews, 1, 71, 72... 

The special volume Phosphorus Heterocycles I was published last year which included the following critical review articles ... 

Abstract This review presents the synthesis of selected five-membered phosphorus heterocycles containing a stereogenic phosphorus in an optically active form. Their utility in a few asymmetric reactions is also briefly mentioned. 

Electron.—The determination of the molecular structure of phosphorus heterocycles by electron diffraction has been reviewed.176 The structures of trimethylphosphine oxide, and the corresponding sulphide in the gaseous phase, have been compared. The rotational freedom of the methyl group appears to be greater for the sulphide, which also has the longer P—C bonds, i.e. 181.8 pm for (144 Ch = S)and 180.9 pm for (144 Ch = O).177 The trifluoromethylphosphoranes (145) and (146) adopt the... 

This type of compound (152 to 155) containing one Pni, or tetra- and penta-coordinated Pv atom have been described.(1967,138anai39 1968,123 1969, ii6) Heterocycles with two P-heteroatom bonds in the ring have been more commonly reported. In addition to the numerous Pv oxyphos-phoranes and homologs, synthetised by Ramirez and co-workers (see 1968,124 for a review of these compounds) and by others,(1967,121,140 and 141 1969,147) parent tri-, tetra- and penta- coordinated phosphorus heterocyclics with various structures (156 to 162) are known.<1965,32 ... 

The sixth chapter, Preparation, Structure and Biological Property of Phosphorus Heterocycles with a C-P Ring System by Mitsuji Yamashita presents a very critical review of novel phosphorus heterocycles. The review discusses aliphatic 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered C-P-C heterocycles, aromatic C-P-C heterocycles, and various C-P-0 type heterocycles including phospha sugars. Synthetic aspects, structural studies, and the biological properties of these phosphorus heterocycles are also addressed. This chapter may attract the interest of synthetic chemists as well as heterocyclic and heteroatom chemists in the life science fields. 

The compounds with five-membered rings containing three or four heteroatoms including at least one phosphorus were first systematically reviewed in Chapter 4.22 of CHEC-II(1996) by Schmidpeter <1996CHEC-II(4)771>. In CHEC(1984), only few examples of 2//4,2,3-diazaphospholcs were mentioned in the general chapter on phosphorus heterocycles <1984CHEC(1)493>. 

In this chapter, we review a growing family of modular phosphorus heterocycles that have been found broadly useful as chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis.4 Specifically, the utility of catalysts based on 4-membered phosphetane and 5-membered phospholane ligands will be the focus herein. A description of other types of chiral phosphorus heterocycles can be found in recent review articles4 as well as in Chapters 12 and 15. 

This chapter describes phosphorus heterocycles with greater than six-membered rings, which appeared in the literature after 1995. For the phosphorus macrocycles published before 1996, see reviews by Pabel and Wild in CHEC-II(1996) < 1996CHEC-II(9)947> and by Caminade and Majoral <1994CRV1183>. 

Comprehensive reviews of aromatic phosphorus heterocycles including heterophospholes were recently published (01CRV1229, 09M11). 

There is also a rich and rapidly growing coordination chemistry of various other phosphorus heterocycles. The early work has been reviewed. ... 

The use of )j2-benzyne and )j2-phosphabenzyne zirconocene in phosphorus chemistry is reviewed. The regiospecific reactions of these complexes with small unsaturated organic molecules incorporating phosphorus or not led to a variety of cyclic neutral or zwitterionic complexes showing a versatile behavior. New methodologies of synthesis of phosphorus heterocycles and of phosphorus ligands are described, as well as strategies of C-H and M-H (M=N, O, P, S) bond activations. 

The reactions of allenylphosphine oxides leading to five-membered phosphorus heterocycles have been reviewed. ... 

In contrast to their aU-carbon analogues, phosphaalkyne cyclooligomers only became accessible a few years ago. A milestone in the chemistry of the cyclotrimers was the synthesis and structm-al characterization of the 1,3,5-triphosphinines 11, obtained by the trimerization of phosphaalkynes in the presence of a vanadimn catalyst. This review is focused on the reactivity of these new phosphorus heterocycles. 

A number of reviews with relevant material address K-complexes of various kinds and iiKlude reviews on the syntheses of cationic 7t-complexes of the transition metals, die activation of C-C bonds in unsaturated hydrocarbons by metal complexes, a review on phosphorus heterocycles and phosphorus analogues of unsaturated hydrocarbon transition metal n-omiplexes J metal-complex catalyzed polymerizations of a-alkenes, coordination equilibria and coupling leactitms of unsaturated hydrocarbons at a metal centre, oligomerization of a-alkenes to higher oligomers, an annual survey on the chemistry of selected n-complexes for the year 1989, an annual survey on the chemistry of ferrocene for the year 1989, and in a number of articles in a journal issue devoted to alkene metathesis. 

The reaction of bifunctional carbonyl compounds with Lawesson s reagent, giving phosphorus heterocycles via ring closure, has been reviewed (23 references). ... 

A brief review has recounted the discovery and applications of phosphametallocenes. The synthesis and structure of l,l -diphospha[2]ferrocenophane have also appeared these derivatives are obtained starting with 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole-2-carboxaldehyde in a six-step synthetic procedure. A general mini-review on phosphorus heterocycles also highlights the synthesis and use of a number of phosphaferrocenes. A phospha-ferrocenium compound has also been prepared as its triiodide [Gp Fe(Ci2H2oP)][l3]- Borane adducts of phosphaferrocenes have also been obtained simply by treating the appropriate phosphaferrocenes with boron tribromide. 

Polycyclic carbon-phosphorus heterocycles have been reviewed. 

---