English phosphorus

H. Rieschel and K. Zech, Mufbereitungs-Technik, 22(9), 475 (1981). English trans.. Phosphorus and Potassium, British Sulphur Corp. Ltd., London, Sept.—Oct. 1981. 

Quite often, we find nonsystematic nomenclature used in the literature dealing with organophosphorus compounds. This results in unnecessary confusion, as systematic nomenclature is easy to use and understand. Nomenclature based on the oxidation state of the phosphorus center eliminates the confusion and helps to promote understanding of the chemistry as well as to facilitate communication. Table 1.1 shows structures for tricoordinate and tetracoordinate phosphorus compounds related to oxyacids with their English general names. Also noted are the names for simple esters of the parent acids. They are organized based on oxidation state and the number of bonds of the carbon-phosphorus type. 

Sun, L., Gao, Z., Li, L., Yu, X. and Fang, Z. (1981) Determination of soil available phosphorus by flow injection analysis [in Chinese, English translation]. Fenxi Fluaxue (Analytical Chemistry) 9, 585. 

Even to J. G. Gahn and Scheele, phosphorus was a rarity. When Scheele first read the English translation of his treatise On air and fire, he found that Johann Reinhold Foxster had translated the word Gran as ounces instead of grains. Nine ounces of phosphorus, said Scheele, I have never yet seen (43). 

Sir Edward (T. E.) Thorpe, 1845-1925. English chemist famous for his research on the specific volumes of liquids in relation to their chemical constitution, and for his work on the oxides of phosphorus and the compounds of vanadium done in collaboration with Sir Henry Roscoe. Author of excellent textbooks of chemistry and of biographies and essays in historical chemistry. 

Phosphorus-31 MRS, which has been widely applied since the early days of in vivo MRS, is also an excellent technique to study in vivo metabolism. The isotope (f=l/2) is 100% naturally abimdant with a sensitivity of 6.63% that of An early review provided an excellent introduction to many aspects of in vivo P MRS. A more recent update focused on several areas of particular interest to those authors. Here, we first provide a brief introduction and update to key characteristics and methodological developments of in vivo V MRS. We then review major trends for in vivo applications appearing in English in both humans and animals over approximately the past 5 years. Finally, we speculate concerning the future direction and impact of P MRS in biomedicine. 

Ferraro A, Jervis GA, English WH. 1938. Pathological changes in the brain in cases of experimental phosphorus intoxication. Psychiatr Q 12 294-305. 

Ormaza-Gonzalez, F.I., and Statham, P.J. (1991) The occurrence and behavior of different forms of phosphorus in the waters of four English estuaries. In Estuaries and Coasts Spatial and Temporal Intercomparisons (Elliott, M., and Ducrotoy, J.P., eds.), pp. 77-83, Olsen and Olsen, Copenhagen. 

A few years ago the workers interested in phosphorus compounds felt the need of imiform nomenclature, at least among English-speaking chemists. They foimd what seemed an insurmoimtable obstacle in the different approaches used in naming these compounds. Finally a compromise solution was offered and it was agreed to work on that basis. The rules so far have been limited to monophosphorus compoimds (2). 

For recent details, see H. Hartl (1995) Angewante Chemie International Edition in English, vol. 34, p. 2637 - New evidence concerning the structure of amorphous red phosphorus . 

Furuya K, Hayashi M, Yabushita Y, Ishikawa A (2003) Phytoplankton dynamics in the East China Sea in spring and summer as revealed by HPLC-derived pigment signatures. Deep Sea Res II 50(2) 367-387 Gao XJ, Chen ZL, Xu SY, Liu LY (2003) Environmental geochemical characteristics of phosphorus in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze estuarine and coastal zone. Acta Sci Circiun 23(6) 7II-7I5 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Li RS, Yang H (2004) Adsorption and release of phosphorus in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary. Mar Environ Sci 23(3) 39-42 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Li Y, Yu JJ (1999) Geochemical characteristics of phosphorus near the Huanghe River Estuary. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 17(4) 359-365 Li Y, Yu, ZM, Song XX (2006) Application of principal component analysis (PCA) for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in marine sediments. Environ Sci 27(1) 137-141 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Song JM (2000b) Transferable phosphorus in sediments of the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters. Mar Sci 24(7) 42-45 (in Chinese with English abstract) Song JM (2000c) Marine Chemistry in China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp.l-210 (in Chinese)... 

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