Phosphorus-doped carbons

V. Meunier, M. Terrones, Electronic transport and mechanical properties of phorous and phosphorus-nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes, ACS Nano, vol. 3, pp. 19131-1921, 2009. 

The acidity of the phosphorus doped B-pentasil zeolite catalyze the nucleophilic substitution of ammonia to the carbonic acid and the elimination of water. The structural properties of the catalyst prevent the cyclization reactions. This reaction is a typical, almost classical example for restricted transition state shape selectivity. 

Paraknowitsch JP, Zhang Y, Wienert B, Thomas A (2013) Nitrogen- and phosphorus-co-doped carbons with tunable enhanced surface areas promoted by the doping additives. Chem Commun 49 1208-1210... 

Choi CH, Park SH, Woo SI. Phosphorus-nitrogen dual doped carbon as an effective catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media effects of the amount of P-doping on the physical and electrochemical properties of carbon. /Mater Chem 2012 22(24) 12107-15. 

Pt nanoparticles incorporated into phosphorus-doped ordered mesoporous carbons enhanced catalytic activity for... 

Choi CH, Park SH, Woo SI (2012) Binary and ternary doping of nitrogen, boron, and phosphorus into carbon for enhancing electrochemical oxygen reduction activity. ACS Nano. doi 10.1021/mi3021234... 

Even though the existence of C3P4 was postulated together with C3N4 as early as in 1984 , no research has been done on carbon phosphide besides a recent work on phosphorus-doped diamond-like carbon films. The present study is therefore expected to provide basic information on the structure and properties of carbon phosphide. It is of interest to know whether C3P4 can form a stable alloy. And if it does, what is the possible structure What physical properties does it have The ultimate aim is to produce a stable form of carbon phosphide having potentially useful electronic properties. 

D.-S. Yang, D. Bhattacharjya, S. Inamdar, J. Park and J.-S. Yu, Phosphorus-doped ordered mesoporous carbons with different channel lengths as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media, /. Am. Chem. Soc. 134,2012,16127-16130. 

Like sulphur, phosphorus appears to have little effect on the overall scaling of iron alloys in air. It may, however, play a role in suppressing breakaway oxidation in carbon steels in CO/CO2 environments. Donati and Garaud " found that the tendency for breakaway was lower over ferrite, where P segregates. To confirm this, the authors doped pure Fe with P and found that... 

Composites, in the usual sense, were proposed to improve the mechanical stability of the electrode. An example is 80 wt% coke powder in PVC [192]. Of greater interest are carbons with nanodispersed boron (via BCI3, 900 °C). The compound B0.17C0.83 has a reversible specific capacity of 437 Ah/kg [193]. An even stronger enhancement of ilTs, up to 500 Ah/kg could be achieved by silicon (via SiCLj/via Me2Cl2Si, 950 °C) for the composition Si0.nC0.g9 [194,195]. Structural aspects are compiled in Fig. 22. The improved stoichiometry is attributed to the electron-acceptor capability of boron or silicon. Doping of petroleum-fuel green coke by phosphorus elevates by 20% [191]. 

Doping with other elements such as carbon, germanium, and phosphorus also results in etch rate reduction as shown in Fig. 25 [33, 145]. Ion implantation of... 

Aluminum, boron, carbon, iron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and titanium are the common impurities in the SoG-Si feedstock. Arsenic and antimony are frequently used as doping agents. Transition metals (Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, and Zr), alkali and alkali-earth impurities (Li, Mg, and Na), as well as Bi, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, Sn, Te, and Zn may appear in the SoG-Si feedstock. A thermochemical database that covers these elements has recently been developed at SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, which has been designed for use within the composition space associated with the SoG-Si materials. All the binary and several critical ternary subsystems have been assessed and calculated results have been validated with the reliable experimental data in the literature. The database can be regarded as the state-of-art equilibrium relations in the Si-based multicomponent system. 

The first report on the electrical properties of composite hard carbon films was published by Jones and Stewart [154] who slightly doped their a-C H films with phosphorus, boron, or nitrogen and found increased conductivity with phosphorus and boron. For the conduction process they proposed a hopping of electrons in a region of high density of localized states for both doped and undoped samples. 

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