Phosphorus disorders

Phosphorus Disorders. Phosphoms nutrient deficiency can lead to rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis, whereas an excess can produce hypocalcemia. Faulty utilisation of phosphoms results in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget s disease, and renal or vitamin D-resistant rickets. 

TREATMENT OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS DISORDERS WITH VITAMIN D3 METABOLITES AND ANALOGUES 34... 

Phosphorus MRS studies of depressed subjects strongly indicate that this disorder arises from altered brain energy metabolism 944 Hydrogen MRS has revealed unique and consistent metabolic characteristics in the brains of patients with probable AD 944 Hydrogen and phosphorus MRS have proven to be useful tools in the characterization of several epilepsies 944... 

Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is maintained by feedback mechanisms, hormones, and many organ systems and is necessary for the body s normal physiologic functions. Disorders of sodium and water, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium homeostasis are addressed separately in this chapter. 

See Chap. 52, Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis, authored by James D. Coyle and Melanie S. Joy Chap. 53, Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis, authored by Amy Barton Pai, Mark Rohrscheib, and Melanie S. Joy and Chap. 54, Disorders of Potassium and Magnesium Homeostasis, authored by Donald F. Brophy and Todd W. B. Gehr, for a more detailed discussion of this topic... 

Figure 9. A view of the P4(NMe)/jS4 molecule with the two locations Si and S2 found for the sulfur atoms at 3 °C (11). This disorder is shown on one phosphorus atom only to avoid overcrowding.

The most interesting outcome of this study lies in fact in the recognition that this uncertainly and tendency to structural disorder appears to be a common, prominent feature in closo-phosphorus compounds. 

Renal osteodystrophy is a complex disorder with several pathogenic factors. Histological evidence of bone disease is common in early renal failure and deficits in calcitriol synthesis seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in early CRF. The most common component is osteitis fibrosa manifested as subperiosteal resorption of bone. This is due to decreased excretion as well as increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. In CRF small increments of serum phosphorus cause small decreases in serum calcium. 

It is observed that in the case of simultaneous saturation of two or more phases, the phase that forms first is often the least stable, or the most disordered, especially at room temperatures. For example, in aqueous solutions, opal (disordered) often forms but the more stable quartz rarely forms. Over a very long time, opal may "mature" to become quartz. The same is true for the formation of calcite (as compared dolomite), and analbite (as compared to albite). From the vapor phase, phosphorous vapor condenses first to yellow phosphorus (high entropy), instead of the more stable red phosphorous (low entropy)... 

T. Kato, S. Takahashi, T. Shioiri and T. Inubushi, Brain phosphorous metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. /. Affect. Disord., 1992, 26,223-230. 

White Phosphorus. Studies have shown that pregnant rats are more susceptible than nonpregnant female and male rats to the lethal effects of white phosphorus during late gestation or parturition. It is not known if pregnant women would also represent an unusually susceptible population. Human exposure to white phosphorus has shown that the liver, kidney, and cardiovascular systems are some of the primary targets of toxicity. Individuals with pre-existing liver, kidney, heart, or circulatory disorders may be unusually susceptible to white phosphorus toxicity. 

Knowledge of phosphorus and citrate metabolism in vitamin D poisoning and in idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy is very incomplete and somewhat contradictory, but in certain respects the changes in these electrolytes in these two disorders may differ. 

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