Phosphorus containing polymers structures

In order to limit extensive side reactions (advanced destruction of the support-polymer, modification of grafting monomers structure) which usually accompany grafting reactions in electrical discharge conditions, we have elaborated the solid-solid grafting procedure in cold plasma. Thus, the rayon fabric was grafted with halogen and phosphorus containing polymers in... 

Funar-Timofei, S., Kurunczi, L. and lliescu, S. (2005) Structure—property study of some phosphorus-containing polymers by computational methods. Polym. Bull, 54, 443-449. 

Polyphosphazenes are the most important and the most thermally characterized of the phosphorus-containing inorganic polymers. Linear, cycloli-near, and cross-linked cyclomatic polymers based on phosphazene structures have been produced. The repeating units of some polyphosphazenes are as follows ... 

Phosphorus and nitrogen containing polymers were synthesized according to literature data (14-16). The chemical structure and some physical and chemical properties of these polymers together with the modifications occurring in cold plasma are presented in Table I. 

Perez, R. M., Sandler, J. K. W., Altstaedt, V., Hoffmann, T., Pospiech, D., Artner, J., Ciesielski, M., Doering, M., Balabanovich, A. I., Knoll, U., Braun, U., and Schartel, B., Novel phosphorus-containing hardeners with tailored chemical structures for epoxy resins Synthesis and cured resin properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007,105, 2744-2759. 

With regard to reactive flame-retardants, two routes can be followed to improve thermal stability and fire behavior of PU foams use of brominated or phosphorus-containing polyol or, for rigid foams, the introduction inside polymer backbone of more thermally stable structure than urethane, mainly isocyanurate, but also uretidione rings or carbodiimide.19... 

In common with most thermoplastics, ABS polymers are not flame resistant. In principle, a flame-resistant ABS could be made by incorporating halogen- and/or phosphorus-containing structures either by (a) copolymerization of appropriate monomers or (b) addition of small molecules containing these structures as plasticizers. Recognizing that the second approach can involve a serious loss in heat deflection temperature, hardness, and occasionally impact strength (4), we have favored the copolymerization approach in the work described here. 

To achieve effective char formation in hydrocarbon-like polymers, we are beginning to see combinations of phosphorus compounds with other molecules, and we are beginning to see phosphorus containing molecules combining structural elements that will induce char formation. Several recent examples of the blend approach which is really an extension of FR technology... 

Phospham or phosphonitrilic amide, PNNH, is a fascinating material also isoelectronic with Si02 [213], Its formula suggests a relationship to LiPN2 with the filled high cristobalite structure, but it is amorphous to X-ray analysis. Phospham has been used in the synthesis of phosphorus-containing nitrides [111], There is an extensive literature on phosphonitrile polymers (for a review, see [214]). 

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