Phosphorite formation

Heggie D. T., Skyring G. W., O Brien G. W., Reimers C., Herczeg A., Moriarty D. J. W., Burnett W. C., and Milnes A. R. (1990) Organic carbon cychng and modern phosphorite formation on the East Austrahan continental margin an overview. In Phosphorite Research and Development, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 52 (eds. A. J. G. Notholt and... 

Manheim F., Rowe G., and Jipa D. (1975) Marine phosphorite formation off Peru. J. Sedimen. Petrol. 45, 243-251. 

Table 5 Summary of factors leading to phosphorite formation.

Schenau S. J. and De Lange G. J. (2000) Phosphogenesis and active phosphorite formation in sediments from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Mar. Geol. 169, 1-20. 

Research on the benthic phosphoms cycle and phosphorites formation in particular was intensified especially in the seventies to early nineties of the last century (e g. Burnet 1977 Burnett and Froelich 1988 Burnett and Riggs 1990 Nolton and Jarvis 1990 Follmi 1996 Gleim et al. 2000). All present result clearly substantiate that the process of phosphogenesis (= the authigenic formation of carbonate fluorapatite - CFA) is highly complex and not completely understood. However, hydroxy-apatite may be the primary authigenic P-... 

Fig. 6.13 Locations of present-day phosphorite formation, relic phosphorites coastal upwelling (modified after Baturin (1982) and Follmi (1996)).

This chapter provides an overview of the salient points in phosphorite formation, mineralogy, and mining and puts into context the current work being undertaken on the Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho. This chapter does not provide a full description of all the sedimentalogical, mineralogical, and industrial work that has been done on sedimentary phosphates indeed numerous full volumes have been published on phosphorites and more will undoubtedly follow. 

However, more recent research has shown that the Phosphoria Sea was more likely a relatively shallow (less then 200 m deep), semi-restricted epicontinental embayment (Hiatt and Budd 2001 and references therein). Within this restricted sea, phosphorite formation occurred primarily in the deeper portions of the basin, although phosphorites also formed in the shallower waters (Hiatt and Budd 2001). 

Atlas E, Pytkowicz RM (1977) Solubility behavior of apatites in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr 22 290-300 Axelrod S, Metzer A, Rohrlich V (1980) The petrography of Israeli phosphorites as related to their beneficiation. In Marine Phosphorites. Bentor YK (ed) SEPM Spec Pub 29 153-165 Baturin GN (1988) Disseminated phosphorous in ocean sediments—A review. Mar Geol 84 95-104 Baturin GN (1999) Hypotheses of phosphogenesis and oceanic environment. Lith Min Res 34 411-430 Baturin GN, Shishkina OV (1973) Behaviour of fluorine during phosphorite formation in the ocean. Oceanol 13 523-527... 

Heggie DT, Shyring GW, O Brien GW, Reimers C, Heiczeg A, Moriarty DJW, Burnett WC, Milnes AR (1990) Orgaiuc carbon cycling and modem phosphorite formation on the east Australian continental margin an overview. In Phosphorite Research and Development. Notholt AJG, Jarvis I (eds) Geol Soc (London) Spec Pub 52 87-117... 

Schuffert JD, Jahnke RA, Kastner M, Leather J, Sturz A, Wing MR (1994) Rates of formation of modem phosphorite off western Mexico. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 5001-5010 Schidfert JD, Kastner M, Jahnke RA (1998) Carbon and phosphoms burial associated with modem phosphorite formation. Mar Geol 146 21-31... 

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