Phosphorescence photoelectron spectroscopy

Other techniques previously described for general investigation of tautomeric equilibria (76AHC(S1)1> involve heats of combustion, relaxation times, polarography, refractive index, molar refractivity, optical rotation, X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, neutron diffraction, Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence and photoelectron spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The application of several of these techniques to tautomeric studies has been discussed in previous sections. Other results from the more important of these will be referred to later in this section. 

In Neunhoeffer s contribution to CHEC-I a large body of detailed data was compiled, for x-ray diffraction, H and C NMR, ESR, UV/VIS, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photoelectron spectroscopy <84CHEC-i(3)531>. It is not possible within the limited space of this contribution to go back to the roots. There are many individual reports of spectral data on a variety of tetrazine derivatives, but it would be inappropriate to tabulate them here. The principal aspects of different types of spectroscopy have been well described by Neunhoeffer in . A few new results are presented in this chapter. 

The lowest excited states of sulfoxides 1 and 2, the corresponding sulfides, and sulfones were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), voltammetry, absorption, and emission spectroscopy [18]. (Simpler sulfoxides, both saturated and aromatic, have also been studied by PES [19].) The phosphorescence spectrum of 1 and its small AEs r of about 6 kcal/mol are both typical of an aromatic nii ketone. The same data for 2 are more consistent with a Tt triplet. 

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPSj Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR Imaging Fluorescence Spectroscopy Phosphorescence Spectroscopy Luminescence Spectroscopy Light Scattering X-ray Diffraction Electron Diffraction Microscopy Thermal - M hanical Methods... 

---