Electron microscopy diffraction patterns

Besides the established techniques of electron microscopy, diffraction methods and spectroscopic tools, scanning probe microscopies have provided powerful means for studying nanostructures. Novel methods of fabrication of patterned nanostructures as well as new device and fabrication concepts are constantly being... 

High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Diffracted intensity in a powder pattern (in 26 or in reciprocal space unit)... 

Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) maps were obtained from electron backscattering diffraction pattern (EBSP) using JEOL JXA8100 electron probe micro-analyzer with OIM software provided by TexSEM Lab., Inc. 

Mor] Optical microscopy, SEM with electron backscattered diffraction pattern detector (electronography), TEM 0.2% C, Mn to 2%... 

Good semi-quantitative agreements are found in diffraction patterns and proposed models obtained by molecular-dynamics[14], because the results of the ex-periments[31-34] are consistent with the atomic models proposed by us[14]. However, in the present state of high-resolution electron microscopy, taking into account, moreover, the number of sheets and the complicated geometry of the helix, it seems unlikely to directly visualize the pentagon-hexagon pairs. 

Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds such as distearyldimethylammonium-chloride (DSDMAC) used as a softener and as an antistatic, form hydrated particles in a dispersed phase having a similar structure to that of the multilayered liposomes or vesicles of phospholipids 77,79). This liposome-like structure could be made visible by electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture replica technique as shown by Okumura et al. 79). The concentric circles observed should be bimolecular lamellar layers with the sandwiched parts being the entrapped water. In addition, the longest spacings of the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern can be attributed to the inter-lamellar distances. These liposome structures are formed by the hydrated detergent not only in the gel state but also at relatively low concentrations. 

Some other situation is realized in a case of TEG-tin CMs. Electron microscopy studies of the obtained TEG-Sn powders revealed the uniform coverage of TEG surface by tin particles. Tin particles are of spherical shape and their sizes are about 40-80 nm, i.e. somewhat higher than in a case of silicon particles. Low scatter of particle sizes is observed as in a case of TEG-silicon system. However, as it is clearly seen from the data of the X-ray structure analysis (Figure 4) tin particles deposited on the surface of graphite support are in crystalline state. The distinct and narrow tin reflections at the X-ray diffraction pattern evidence this fact. 

X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a Philips PW1820 diffractometer with Cu-Ka radiation (X = 0.154 nm). The collected sample was indexed very well as cubic a-Mn203 bixbyite (JCPDS 41-1442, la-3, a = 0.941 nm) (Fig. 1). The morphologies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Fig. 1). The abundant well-defined hexagonal-like plates with the sizes from several hundred nanometers to a few micrometers were formed during hydrothermal treatment, which kept initial shape after 700 °C-calcination (Fig. 1). The hexagonal plates are about 50 nm thick with smooth surfaces. 

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