Phosphonium bentonite

Figure 7.31 Cone calorimetric analysis of three different epoxy samples unmodified epoxy resin (E+T), layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposite with 4.7 wt% ammonium bentonite (E+T+TMA) and layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposite with 4.7 wt% phosphonium bentonite (E+T+TPP). Reprinted with permission from A. Hartwig, D. Putz, B. Schartel, M. Bartholmai and M.Wendschuh-Josties, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2003,204, 2247 2003, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co KgaA...

Hartwig, A. Putz, D. Schartel, B. Bartholmai, M. Wendschuh-Josties, M. Combustion behaviour of epoxide based nanocomposites with ammonium and phosphonium bentonites. MacromoL Chem. Phys. 2003, 204, 2247-2257. 

On the other hand Abdallah et al. [22] showed that bentonites modified by alkyl and aryl based phosphonium salts in poly(ethylene terephthalate) exhibited better dispersion than those unmodified. In 2010 Gu [23] showed that montmorillonite modified Octadecylammonium improves dispersion in namral rubber/butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Have also been studied in terms of particle size of styrene-butadiene mbber (SBR) nanocomposites showed remarkable improvement in thermal stability their compared to that of the pure SBR. Was also demonstrated that the increase in particle size is not beneficial in improving the thermal stability [5]. 

Phosphonium cations can also intercalate in clays. Different studies were reported on the interaction of different phosphonium cations with bentonites and montmorillonites. The use of... 

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