Phosphonates degradation pathway

Wanner, 1994). The other probably involves a redox mechanism for the oxidation of organophosphonates not readily hydrolysed to phosphate (Avila and Frost, 1989). A phosphonate-degrading pathway independent of phosphate starvation has been identified in Pseudomonas fluorescens... 

Two main pathways are nsed for the degradation of phosphonates that are initiated by a lyase or a hydrolase (Wanner 1994) ... 

C-P lyase has a broad snbstrate specificity and, for example, dimethyl phosphonate is degraded to methane, methylphenyl phosphonate to benzene, and the degradation of the widely nsed herbicide glyphosate may follow alternative pathways both of which involve C-P fission. 

Of course, many more potential pathways for the chemical degradation of phosphonates need to be explored. The C-P bond in alkylphosphonates, for example, is weakened by electron-withdrawing substituents. Alpha-carbonyl phosphonates such as the antiviral pharmaceutical phosphonoformate are especially susceptible towards hydrolysis (60). Metal ion-catalyzed conversion of phosphonates into phosphonamides has been observed nucleophilic attack of amine groups at the electrophilic phosphorus atom is believed responsible (61). 

Formation of alkyl phosphonic acid degradation products in the environment follows a highly specific hydrolysis pathway from the parent dialkyl phosphonate ester CWA s. Nerve agent hydrolysis products are unique compared with... 

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