Phospholipid head group

Hydration of phospholipid head groups is essential properties not only for stabilizing bilayer structures in an aqueous environment, but also for fusion or endocytosis of biological membranes including protein transfers [33-35]. Hydration or swelling behavior has only been studied by indirect methods such as X-ray diffraction [36], differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [37], and H-NMR [38,39]. 

Seelig, A., Allegrini, P. R. and Seelig, J. (1988). Partitioning of local anesthetics into membranes surface charge effects monitored by the phospholipid head-group, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 939, 267-276. 

Scherer, P. G. and Seelig, J. (1989). Electric charge effects on phospholipid head-groups. Phosphatidylcholine in mixtures with cationic and anionic amphiphiles, Biochem., 28, 7720-7728. 

The dansyl (dimethylaminonaphthalenesultonyl) group has been attached to various lipids, most notably at the phospholipid head group, where the probe is sensitive to solvent effects (see below). 

The region at the surface of membranes and the underlying phospholipid head-group region are of particular interest since these regions can vary considerably with variations in the membrane phospholipid composition and under the influence of external molecules such as ions and hydrophobic molecules. The fluorescence anisotropy parameter tends to be less useful for examining this region since it is already intrinsically disordered and the... 

An alternative mechanism for loss of membrane integrity is via the solubilization of phospholipids by thionins." This revised version of the carpet model is based on the observation of a conserved binding site for phospholipids head groups in thionins, their tendency to form oligomers," " and small-angle X-ray scattering... 

Average diameter of vesicle Identity of surface phospholipid head groups Presence of bound structural modifiers such as PEGs Surface charge... 

Cells Have Two Strategies for Attaching Phospholipid Head Groups... 

FIGURE 21-23 Head-group attachment. The phospholipid head group is attached to a diacylglycerol by a phosphodiester bond, formed when phosphoric acid condenses with two alcohols, eliminating two molecules of H20. 

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