Phosphates/phosphonates, acidity

Note Substances that form more stable colorless complexes with the metal ions (eg. EDTA, phosphates, phosphonic acids ete) than thiocyanate interfere with the reaction. 

This review groups the information published on degradation of the main families of extractants studied in the frame of long-lived minor-actinide and fission-product recovery (1-4) (see Chapter 1) alkyl-phosphorus compounds (phosphates, phosphonic acids, bifunctional compounds like CMPO), amide compounds (dialkyl-amides, malonamides, and diglycolamides), N-donor compounds, and macrocycles like crown ethers and calixarenes (Table 8.1). The multicomponent systems based on the chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide process have not been considered. 

Synonyms Octadecyl phosphate Phosphonic acid, octadecyl ester... 

Triethyl phosphate Phosphonic acid monoesters from phosphonic acid dichlorides Nucleoside 5 -trichloromethylphosphonates... 

Phosphoric acid, monoalkyl phosphates, and phosphonic acids, but not dialkyl phosphates (107), can be aminoalkylated on the oxygen (108—110). 

Multilayers of Diphosphates. One way to find surface reactions that may lead to the formation of SAMs is to look for reactions that result in an insoluble salt. This is the case for phosphate monolayers, based on their highly insoluble salts with tetravalent transition metal ions. In these salts, the phosphates form layer stmctures, one OH group sticking to either side. Thus, replacing the OH with an alkyl chain to form the alkyl phosphonic acid was expected to result in a bilayer stmcture with alkyl chains extending from both sides of the metal phosphate sheet (335). When zirconium (TV) is used the distance between next neighbor alkyl chains is - 0.53 nm, which forces either chain disorder or chain tilt so that VDW attractive interactions can be reestablished. 

The phosphates and phosphonic acids appeared as white zones on a pink background (Fig. 1 A). Figure 1B is a reproduction of the reflectance plots (X = 480 nm). Detection limits of 50 ng have been found for POl and PaOj". In the case of PsOl and P3O10 the detection limits were 125 ng per chromatogram zone. 

Fig. 1 A) Separation of phosphates and phosphonic acids B) absorption plots of track 5 and track 8. PjOl (1), PjOio (2), P20t (3), POl (4), mixture 1 (5), aminotrimethylene-phosphonic acid (6), l-hydroxyethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid (7), mixture II (8).

PHOSKILL , monocrotophos, 105 Phosmet, 105 Phosphamidon, 105 Phosphates, 105 Phospliines, 106 Phosphonic acid, 106 Phosphoric acid, 106... 

Salicylic acid was used for phosphite protection in the synthesis of glycosyl phosphites and phosphates. This derivative is very reactive and readily forms a phosphite upon treatment with an alcohol or a phosphonic acid upon aqueous hydrolysis. ... 

Good results were obtained with derivatives of phosphonic acids, such as alkylenediphosphonic acids [87,217] and alkyliminodimethylenediphosphonic acids [218]. Long-chain dialkyl phosphates added to lard and other fats are also said to prevent rancidity [238]. 

Diazoalkanes add readily to the double bond of esters of vinylphosphonic acid, giving the pyrazoline derivatives (100), which can lose nitrogen to give esters of cyclopropylphosphonic acids. In a similar reaction, acyl-phosphonic acid esters (101) were converted to epoxy-derivatives (102). A -Phenylsydnone adds to diethyl prop-l-ynephosphonate, giving the pyra-zole (103). The addition of cyclopentadiene to dimethyl vinyl phosphate leads to an exojendo quotient of 1.2, but with hexachlorocyclopentadiene only e/ii/o-isomer is formed. ... 

Cambella and Antia [385] determined phosphonates in seawater by fractionation of the total phosphorus. The seawater sample was divided into two aliquots. The first was analysed for total phosphorus by the nitrate oxidation method capable of breaking down phosphonates, phosphate esters, nucleotides, and polyphosphates. The second aliquot was added to a suspension of bacterial (Escherichia coli) alkaline phosphatase enzyme, incubated for 2h at 37 °C and subjected to hot acid hydrolysis for 1 h. The resultant hot acid-enzyme sample was assayed for molybdate reactive phosphate which was estimated as the sum of enzyme hydrolysable phosphate and acid hydrolysable... 

Polymer Media Polymaleic Anhydride Poly Acrylic Acid Polyvinyl Phosphonic Acid Polyvinyl Sulfonic Acid Polystyrene Sulfonate Tripoly Phosphate... 

Sarin, V., Tropp, B.E., and Engel, R., Isosteres of natural phosphates. 7. The preparation of 5-carboxy-4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl-l-phosphonic acid, Tetrahedron Lett., 351, 1977. 

Redmore, D., Chemistry of phosphorous acid new routes to phosphonic acids and phosphate esters, ]. Org. Chem., 43, 992, 1978. 

Collectors from the PM series were specifically developed for beneficiation of niobium ores that contain nepheline/cyanite as the major gangue minerals. The collector is composed of a mixture of phosphate ester collector (SM15, Clariant) and phosphonic acid treated with octanol. From an ore that assays 0.5% Nb20s, a concentrate grade of 49% Nb205 at a recovery of 73% was achieved. 

Halogen acid furnaces, 13 179 Halogenated alkyl phosphates/ phosphonates, 11 489-496 Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), 13 135 toxic responses to, 13 138 Halogenated aryloxyacetic acids,... 

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