Phosphates Insecticides, Anthelmintics

Examples of organophosphates include the insecticides malathion, parathion, diazinon, fenthion, azinphos methyl, terbufos, dichlorvos, and chlorpyr-ifos the nerve gases soman, sarin, tabun, and VX the ophthalmic agent echothiophate the anthelmintic trichlorfon tricresyl phosphate-containing... 

Metrifonate (trichloifon bearcil) is an organophosphorus compound used as an insecticide and then as an anthelmintic, especially for S. haematobium. Metrifonate is a prodrug that is converted nonen-zymatically to dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, DDVP), a potent cholinesterase... 

Many simpler carbamates, as well as organic phosphates, which have this property of blocking acetylcholinesterase, are used in treating glaucoma, also as anthelmintics and insecticides (see Section 13.3). 

The relationship between the chemical structure and toxicity of various coumarin insecticides and anthelmintics are compiled (Table 3.13), and for comparison, some other related compounds are also tabulated. The mammalian toxicity of these compounds is moderate, and their selective action on insects is coimected with differences in metabolism. In mammals these chemicals are probably rapidly metabolised by hydrolysis between the aromatic and phosphate groups, whereas in insects by slow oxidation of the phosphorothionate to phos-... 

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