Pheromones with kairomonal activities

Dunkelblum and coworkers,13,14 in association with the author s group, studied both the pheromonal and kairomonal activities of three female-produced sex pheromones 14—16 of the pine bast scales of Matsucoccus species together with their analogues 17 and 18. The Israeli pine bast scale, M. josephi, employs (2E,5 R,6E,8E) 14 as its sex pheromone, whereas ( S,7R,8E,10E)-15 is used by M. feytaudi and (2 ,4 ,6/f,10/f)-16 by M. matsumurae. The pheromone 14 was found to be a potent kairomone for Elatophilus hebraicus adults, the... 

Pheromone of the maritime pine scale M. feytaudi with kairomonal activities for . hebraicus,... 

The trap-out treatment generally utilizes the aggregation pheromone of the target bark beetle species in association with a trap that kills the adults, i.e. sticky traps or containers that prevent the escape of species coming in contact with them. These techniques are not species specific per se because of the attraction of the natural enemies to the aggregation pheromones, i.e. kairomonal activity. Hence, the natural enemies are also trapped resulting in mortality to the adults. 

Pheromone mimic for M. feytaudi with no kairomonal activity for . crassicornis and H. stigma... 

The female sex pheromone (if)-75 of the Israeli pine bast scale Matsucoccus josephi is also a potent kairomone that attracts the scale insect s predator Elatophilus hebraicus. A mimic 76 of the pheromone 75 shows only the pheromone activity with no kairomone activity.52,53 Accordingly, 76 is a more useful population-monitoring agent for M. josephi than the pheromone itself, which also catches the beneficial predator E. hebraicus. 

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