2-Phenylsulfonyl ketones

Pummerer rearrangement (5,3-4). 2-Phenylsulfonyl ketones (1) can be converted into (2) by a Pummerer rearrangement using acetic anhydride and a catalytic amount of methanesulfonic acid in CH2CI2 at 20°. The rearrangement provides a general synthesis of a-phenylthio-a, -unsaturated ketones (2). 

Phenylsulfmylcyclohexanone, 236 Phenylsulfinylcyclopropanes, 457 Phenylsulfinyldiazoniethane, 457 2-Phenylsulfonyl ketones, 3 /3-(Plienylsulfonyl)propionaldehyde, ethylene... 

Phenylsulfonyl ketones rearrange in the presence of acetic anhydride-sodium acetate in toluene at reflux to give 5-aryl thioesters (eq 23). Upon hydrolysis, an a-hydroxy acid is obtained. 

In the absence of sodium acetate, 2-phenylsulfonyl ketones give the typical Pummerer product. Since -keto sulfoxides are available by the reaction of esters with the dimsyl anion, this overall process leads to one-carbon homologated a-hydroxy acids from esters (eq 24). ... 

Also, 2-phenylsulfonyl ketones can be converted to a-phenylthio-a,3-unsaturated ketones via the Pummerer reaction using acetic anhydride and a catalytic amount of Methanesul-fonic Acid (eq 25). ... 

Lithiated indoles can be alkylated with primary or allylic halides and they react with aldehydes and ketones by addition to give hydroxyalkyl derivatives. Table 10.1 gives some examples of such reactions. Entry 13 is an example of a reaction with ethylene oxide which introduces a 2-(2-hydroxyethyl) substituent. Entries 14 and 15 illustrate cases of addition to aromatic ketones in which dehydration occurs during the course of the reaction. It is likely that this process occurs through intramolecular transfer of the phenylsulfonyl group. 

Phenylsulfonyl)indole 330 was converted to a ketone by a set of standard reactions followed by the selenium dioxide oxidation of the resulting acetyl goup to the ketoaldehyde 332 (Scheme 101). Methylthiosemicarbazide hydroiodide reacted with 332 to the triazine 333 in 83% yield. As Diels-Alder reactions with 1 -pyrrolidinocyclohexene failed, 333 was first oxidized... 

Lucchi and coworkers68 have found a novel addition reaction of enolizable ketones to 1, l-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (102) under neutral conditions (equations 82 and 83). 

Another application of the hydrazone method is the preparation of achy dr oxy carbonyl compounds (R4 = H in 37). The aldehydes/ketones 36 are first transformed into their corresponding SAMP-hydrazones 38, followed by deprotonation with f-butyllithium or LDA in THF. The resulting anion undergoes facile oxidation by treatment with 2-phenylsulfonyl-3-phenyloxaziridine (39), and the product can be obtained with good to excellent enantioselectivity (Scheme 2-23).39b... 

The vinyl triflate of Komfeld s ketone has been subjected to Heck reactions with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methyl 3-(Af-rerf-butoxycarbonyl-lV-methyl)amino-2-methylenepropionate leading to a formal synthesis of lysergic acid [259]. A similar Heck reaction between l-(phenylsulfonyl)indol-5-yl triflate and dehydroalanine methyl ester was described by this research group [260]. Chloropyrazines undergo Heck couplings with both indole and 1-tosylindole, and these reactions are discussed in the pyrazine Chapter [261], Rajeswaran and Srinivasan described an interesting arylation of bromomethyl indole 229 with arenes [262]. Subsequent desulfurization and hydrolysis furnishes 2-arylmethylindoles 230. Bis-indole 231 was also prepared in this study. 

Enantioselective a-hydroxylotion of carbonyl compounds. The lithium enolates of the SAMP-hydrazones of ketones undergo facile and diastereoselective oxidation with 2-phenylsulfonyl-3-phenyloxaziridine (13, 23-24) to provide, after ozonolysis, (R)-a-hydroxy ketones in about 95% ee. High enantioselectivity in hydroxylation of aldehydes requires a more demanding side chain on the pyrrolidine ring such as —QCjHOjOCH, which also results in reversal of the configuration. 

Oxidation of silyl enol ethers. Oxidation of silyl enol ethers to a-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones is usually effected with w-chloroperbenzoic acid (6, 112). This oxidation can also be effected by epoxidation with 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-( p-nitrophenyl) oxaziridine in CHC1, at 25-60° followed by rearrangement to a-silyloxy carbonyl compounds, which are hydrolyzed to the a-hydroxy carbonyl compound (BujNF or H,0 + ). Yields are moderate to high. Oxidation with a chiral 2-arene-sulfonyloxaziridine shows only modest enantioselectivity. 

The reaction of potassium dienoxy borates with A-fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)amine (la) gives y-fluoro enones in good yield. The potassium dienoxy borates are prepared by treating potassium enolates derived from unsaturated ketones with 2-phenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole. This methodology offers a convenient alternative to the traditional fluorination of dienol acetates, ethers, or enamines.145 An example is given by the formation of 13.145... 

The addition of a phenylsulfonyl carbanion to an aldehyde or ketone leads to an intermediate alcohol, which is esterified in situ. The reductive elimination with sodium amalgam to furnish the alkene takes place in a second step. 

Diels-Alder reactions with electron-rich alkenes.1 Simple a,(i-unsaturated im-ines (1-aza-1,3-butadienes) do not undergo Diels-Alder reactions with dienophiles. In contrast, the N-phenylsulfonyl imines derived from an aldehyde or ketone undergo Diels-Alder reactions under forcing conditions with electron-rich dienophiles to... 

The incorporation of the side chain, placed in 2-position of a cycloalkanone, is influenced by strong electron withdrawing groups as Y. There are a number of experiments published, in which the nitro, the phenylsulfonyl, the ketone carbonyl, and the cyano group were used as Y. 

A -(Phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole was acylated under the usual conditions to give ketone 377 (Equation 88) <1995TL6185>. 

Our final example is a base-labile 4-(phenylsulfonyl)methyl-l,3-dioxolane protecting group for aldehydes and ketones.4 Protection is carried out by the reaction of diol 17,1 (obtained by dihydroxylation of ally phenyl sulfone) with a carbonyl compound in the presence of pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate [Scheme 2.17], Cleavage is accomplished by treatment with DBU. /erf-Butyldimethylsilyl ethers, p-toluenesulfonate esters, tetrahydropyranyl ethers, carboxylic esters and benzoates are well tolerated. A disadvantage to the use of 17.1 is the introduc-... 

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