Phenylene ethylene, oligomers

Other recent applications of ToF-SIMS without XPS include the examination of PS [6, 17-19], polyethylene (PE) [20], carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resins [21], polyalkyl methacrylates [22], alkylketene dimers [23], perfluorinated polymers [24], perflnorinated ethers [25], polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers [15, 25-29], rubber [30], ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer [30], Nylon-6 [31], PC [32,33], PDMS [34], polypyrrole coated PS [35], poly-p-phenylene vinylene [36], butyl rubber [37], poly(4-vinyl phenol)/poly(4-vinyl pyridine blends) [38], polypyrrole-silica gel composites [39], y-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane [40], triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)- 3 poly(phenylene ethylene)- 3 poly(ethylene glycol) [41], ethylene-terephthalate-hydroxybenzoate copolymer [42], PS-polyvinyl methyl ether, polycarbonate - PS blends [43] and PDMS-urethane [44],... 

Block copolymer systems have aroused interest with reviews of the synthesis of nylon elastomers, thermoplastic polyether-polyamide elastomers, and thermoplastic cross-linked polyamides of 3,3 -bis(hydroxymelhyl) glutaric add. Block copolymers were also reported from poly(/n-phenylene isophthalamidc) and poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(dimethylsiloxane). The polycondensation of oco -dicarboxylic-poly(amide 11) and x -dihydroxy-polyoxyethylene has also been studied and rate constants and activation energies evaluated for the process. The polycondensation of axo -diacid and e9o> -diester-poly(amide 11) oligomers with cuco -dihydroxy-polyether oligomers has similarly been reported. Lactam Rli -opening Polymerization Routes.—The effects of ring size, substitution and the presence of heteroatoms on the polymerizability of lactams has been the subject of reviews. - In the field of lactam polymerization, two systems have evoked major interest, namely caprolactam and 2-pyrrolidone. Studies on caprolactam have reported the effect of water on the mechanism of polymerization and polymerization rate, where it was found that the process was... 

Polystyrene + poly(ethylene glycol) (oligomer mixtures) Polystyrene + poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide)... 

Fig. 2.17 Plot of the melting temperature against the number of repeating units for different oligomers. A -amino caproic acid (From Rothe and Dunkel (35)) O perfluoro alkanes (From Starkweather (36)) 3 ethylene oxide (From Yeates, Teo, Mobbs and Booth (37)) phenylene sulfide (From Bourgeois and Fonassi (38) Montando, Bmno, Maravigna, Finocchiaro and Centineo (39) Koch and Heitz (40)) ethylene terephthalate-hydroxy terminated (From Zahn and Krzikalla (41)) tetramethylene terephthalate (From Hasslin, Drbscher and Wegner (42))...

Oligomers of (o-phenylene-vinylene)s can be obtained using various C-C-coupling and polycondensation methods. For higher oligomers and polymers, the Stille-type coupling of 1,2-diiodobenzene or l,2-bis(2-iodostyryl)benzene with bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-ethylene was introduced by Mullen et al. [49] (see Scheme 17). 

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