Phenyl glucuronide

Phenyl p-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid not phenyl p-D-glucuronoside or phenyl glucuronide H... 

Some phenol is eliminated from the body as the unchanged molecular compound, although most is metabolized prior to excretion. As noted in Section 7.2.1, phase II reactions in the body result in the conjugation of phenol to produce sulfates and glucuronides. These water-soluble metabolic products are eliminated via the kidneys. Urinary phenyl glucuronide may be measured to monitor exposure to phenol.7... 

The primary metabolite of benzene is phenol. Phenol is excreted as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in urine. Total phenolic metabolites (phenol, phenyl sulfate, and phenyl glucuronide) have been determined by hydrolyzing urine samples either enzymatically or by acid, then extracting the phenol with solvent. Phenol is then measured by GC or HPLC techniques. Enzymatic hydrolysis coupled with GC/FID has been reported the detection limit is 1 mg/L and recovery is excellent (92-98%) (Buchet 1988). Acid hydrolysis followed by HPLC provides quantitative recovery ( 100%) and a detection limit of 0.01 nmol/g (Murray and Adams 1988). Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates... 

Urine (phenol, phenyl sulfate, phenyl glucuronide) Digestion (enzymatic and with acid) extraction with diethyl ether GC/FID (IARC Method 6) 1 mg/L 92-98 Buchet 1988... 

Disposition in the Body. Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and readily penetrates the skin. It is metabolised by conjugation to yield phenyl glucuronide and phenyl sulphate small amounts are oxidised to catechol and quinol which are also conjugated. Oxidation of these metabolites to quinones may tint the urine green. Acid-labile phenol conjugates are present endogenously in serum at concentrations of about 0.1 pg/ml. Phenol is a metabolite of benzene. 

Digest sample enzymatically and with acid extract phenol, phenyl sulfate, and phenyl glucuronide with ethyl ether... 

Inexplicably, phenyl glucuronide was not detected. The other peaks showed the expected retention time and elution order (13). Chromatographic efficiencies for PB-LC-MS varied from 550 theoretical plates for phenol to 8700 theoretical plates for 4-nitrophenyl sulfate. Using the HPLC-UV method, the chromatographic efficiency was somewhat better, 4300 theoretical plates for phenol and 16000 for 4-nitrophenyl sulfate. The manufacturer claims an efficiency of 7900 theoretical plates for this column. Thus, there is some added band broadening in the PB-LC-MS system. 

Phenol, [108-95-2] phenyl sulfate potassium salt, [1733-88-6] phenyl glucuronide, [17685 05 1] 4-nitrophenol, [100-02 7] 4-nitrophenyl sulfate potassium salt, [6217-68-1] 4-nitrophenyl glucuronide, [10344-94-2] 1-naphthol, [90-15-3] 1-naphthyl sulfate potassium salt, [6295 74-5] 1-naphthyl glucuronide, [17238-47-0]. 

Phenol + B -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfuric acid phenylsulfuric acid (sulfate conjugation) Phenol + glucuronic acid -> phenyl glucuronide (alucuronide conjugation)... 

Metabolic scheme for famphur in mammals. Major metabolic routes are indicated by an asterisk ( ). A, famphur B, famoxon C, p-(A,A-dimethylsulfamoyl)phenol D, O-desmethylfamphur E, 0,A-bisdesmethylfamphur F, p-(A,A-dimethylsulfamoyl) phenyl glucuronide ... 

In the rat, there appears to be a process for the uptake of succinylsulfathiazole by the liver, because the concentration of the drug is higher in the liver than in the plasma. However, in the rabbit, succinylsulfathiazole, like 3-ami nophenylsulfate and 4-ami no phenyl glucuronide in the rat, does not seem to be taken up by hepatic tissue, for in this species, the plasma concentration of the drug is two to four times that of the liver, even after ligating the renal pedicles. Thus, the poor concentration of organic anions sucli as succinylsulfathiazole in the liver may partly explain their low biliary excretion in a species such as the rabbit. 

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