Phenolics Elemental analysis

Additional tests were carried out to study effects of reaction and catalyst variables on the deactivation process. Results are presented in Tables 1-5. Thus the initial carbon present in the solution is transformed during the reaction principally into reaction intermediates, carbon dioxide and polymeric species. The rest remains as untransformed phenol. Elemental analysis of the catalysts quantifies the fraction of the initial carbon which has been transformed into polymers. The TOC analysis in the liquid phase permits calculation of the fraction of initial carbon which remains unreacted or has been transformed into reaction intermediates. Therefore, the initial carbon transformed into carbon dioxide was calculated as follows ... 

Polymer Tired tetrachloroethy lene/phenol Elemental analysis data ... 

An azo coupling reaction of monatomic phenols with diazotized 4-nitroaniline has been investigated. By HPLC, NMR, elemental analysis, UV and IR spectroscopy it has been shown that the azo derivatives of o-guaiacol, o- and m-cresols interact with an excess of diazonium in pH interval of 4,5-9,5 and form corresponding 4,4-di(4-nitrophenylazo)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1 -ones. 

Polymer/additive analysis then usually proceeds by separation of polymer and additives (cf. Scheme 2.12) using one out of many solvent extraction techniques (cf. Chapter 3). After extraction the residue is pressed into a thin film to verify that all extractables have been removed. UV spectroscopy is used for verification of the presence of components with a chromophoric moiety (phenolic antioxidants and/or UV absorbers) and IR spectroscopy to verify the absence of IR bands extraneous to the polymer. The XRF results before and after extraction are compared, especially when the elemental analysis does not comply with the preliminary indications of the nature of the additive package. This may occur for example in PA6/PA6.6 blends where... 

Figure 5.3. A humic acid macromolecule interacting with a surface of a clay mineral. The proposed macromolecular structure of the soil humic acid (HA) is based on the following common average characteristics of humic acids MW 6386 Da elemental analysis (%) C, 53.9 N, 5.0 H, 5.8 0,35.1 S, 0.5 C/N, 10.7 NMR information (%) aliphatic C, 18.1 aromatic C, 20.9 carbohydrate C, 23.7 metoxy C, 4.9 carboxylic C, 8.4 ketone C, 4.5 phenolic C, 4.2 functional groups (cmol/g) carboxyl, 376 phenol, 188 total acidity, 564. The structure was created using the ACD/ChemSketch program. [HA-clay complex Chen s group, unpublished (2008). Individual HA molecule Grinhut et al., 2007.]...

When BHT and other similar phenols were first prepared in the 1940s, chemists were not sure of their structures. The chemical formulae could be determined by elemental analysis, but NMR. which would have instantly revealed the structure, had not yet been discovered. The problem arose because the compound exhibited none of the normal reactions or tests for phenols for example, it was not soluble in alkali. The chemists thought the second t-butyl group had added to oxygen to make an ether. BHT does not behave like other phenols because the -OH group is hindered by the two large t-butyl groups. 

According to the element analysis results, the determination of modified oligomer relative viscosities, to the spectra data and references [7], the scheme of interaction of oligoisobutylene-alkylated phenols with element sulfur in our case can be written in the following way ... 

The complexation with Schiff bases is ambiguous. Lanthanides form complexes with f-butylsalicylidenimine (Sal) of the formula La(Sal)2-3H20 with the loss of phenolic proton and the ligand in the anionic form is bonded to the lanthanide [251]. In contrast, complexes of the type [Y(SalH)3Cl2]Cl containing neutral ligand have been reported based on elemental analysis and conductivity data [255]. 

The product from Step 5 (8.78 mmol) and phenol (43.9 mmol) were dissolved in 100 ml CH2CI2, anhydrous magnesium sulfate (4.5 g) added, and the slurry stirred at ambient temperature 4 hours. The mixture was filtered, concentrated, and the residue dissolved in chlorobenzene then re-concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 300 ml CH2CI2, washed with NajCOj, water, dried, concentrated, and the product isolated in 99% yield. H- and C-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis data supplied. 

Phenols, Sec. 24.7, are more acidic than water, but—with certain exceptions— are considerably weaker than carboxylic acids they dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide, but not in aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Sulfonic acids are even more acidic than carboxylic acids, but they contain sulfur, which can be detected by elemental analysis.)... 

Rodiasine (mp 195°) was first isolated as the dimethiodide from Ocotea rodiei (57). The elemental analysis of this alkaloid did not distinguish between C38H44N2O6 and C36H40N2O6. The alkaloid was found to contain two methylimino groups, four methoxyl groups, and a phenolic hydroxyl group (55). 

Table 16.5. Electrical conductivity and elemental analysis data of polyacenic polymers and phenol-formaldehyde resin...

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