Phenol animal studies

Names of phenolics include their conjugated forms which occur in citrus. Abbreviations, an, animal study C, citrus hm, human trial vt, in vitro study. Source From Refs. 30-40. 

Some evidence that olive oil phenols might act in vivo comes from the few animal studies described in the following paragraphs. 

Developmental studies performed in rats have shown decreased fetal weights and viability. Animal studies investigating long-term inhalation exposure to phenol have shown effects on the liver, kidney, respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. 

Dioxins are chemical contaminants produced during the synthesis of chlorophenols and certain other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. There are 75 dioxin isomers of which 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is the most toxic in animal studies (1 ). Table I illustrates some major substances contaminated with isomers of dioxin. These manufactured products include 2,4,5-trichloro-phenol (TCP) and its derivatives, such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4,5-T), which are contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, as well as pentachlorophenol, which is contaminated with hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorinated isomers of dioxin. 

The above description clearly demonstrates that phenolics and terpenoids modulate multiple signal transduction pathways and interact with multifactorial molecular targets, including inflammatory molecules, growth factors, enzymes, and genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. This collection of information verifies the efficacy of phenolic and terpeniod use in the prevention and curing of various conditions. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies have all confirmed the efficacy of plant-isolated compounds, such as phenolics and terpenoids, in... 

Epoxy Phenol Novolak Resins. Acute oral studies indicate low toxicity for these resins (49). Eye studies indicate only minor irritation in animals (49). The EPN resins have shown weak skin-sensitizing potential in humans. 

Examples of PLC with autoradiography detection include the published studies on labeling of l- H-PAF-aceter [25] diazinon and related compounds from plant material [26] metabolic fate of triamcinolone acetonide in laboratory animals [27] synthesis of 4-S-cysteaminyl-[U- " C]phenol antimelanoma agent [28] radiolabeled... 

Polyphenoloxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) is one of the most studied oxidative enzymes because it is involved in the biosynthesis of melanins in animals and in the browning of plants. The enzyme seems to be almost universally distributed in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria (Sanchez-Ferrer and others 1995) and catalyzes two different reactions in which molecular oxygen is involved the o-hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (monophenolase activity) and the subsequent oxidation of 0-diphenols to o-quinones (diphenolase activity). Several studies have reported that this enzyme is involved in the degradation of natural phenols with complex structures, such as anthocyanins in strawberries and flavanols present in tea leaves. Several polyphenols... 

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