Phase behavior study cation

One of the first major surveys into the phase behavior of cationic surfactants was done by Blackmore and Tiddy who did penetration scans on a variety of surfactants including the -NH, NMej, NEtj, NPr and NBu series [151]. Previous studies had mostly been limited to alkylammonium and alkylmethylammonium salts [152, 153]. These show a qualitatively similar behavior to that of the anionic systems, with the sequence H,/V,/Lo( for short chain derivatives being replaced by Hi/lnt/Lj, for long chain compounds. For the intermediate chain lengths, V, phases replace the intermediate structures as temperature increases. 

Irrespective of these controversies, research in this intriguing area is crucially important from both fundamental and applied points of view. For instance, solid electrolytes and mixed conductors with mobile AP + cations may find applications in new types of rechargeable battery, and also in the aluminum industry alkaline-earth cation conductors may be used, in particular, for precise humidity control in gaseous media and for CO2 sequestration. This chapter includes a brief introduction to the field, with emphasis placed primarily on the authors own studies. Although many aspects of materials electrochemical behavior require detailed investigation and further validation, the chapter provides an excellent overview of the phases where multivalent cation conduction may occur. 

Very few studies have reported on the phase behavior and occurrence of microemulsions with anionic-cationic mixtures [98]. However, it was found that when one of the surfactant was in much lower proportion than the other (say, less than 0%... 

The interaction of cationic polymers with anionic surfactants has been investigated in a number of studies (Banerjee et al. 2013 Dan et al. 2010 Dubief et al. 1989 Goddard and Hannan 1976 Goldraich et al. 1997 Han et al. 2012 Li et al. 2012 Mukherjee et al. 2011 Shubin 1994 Winnik et al. 1997). The phase behavior of polymer-surfactant system under interaction and the influences of factors such as micelle surface charge density, polyelectrolyte molecular weight, and polyelectrolyte-to-surfactant ratio have been explored. The interaction behavior of cationic polymer and anionic surfactant is generally found to be similar to the interaction behavior of anionic polymer and cationic surfactant discussed in the preceding section. 

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