Pharmacodynamics pharmacogenetics

The study of a pharmacological agent, such as a prescription medicine, an over-the-counter drug, an alternative medicine such as St. John s wort, or even a nutritional supplement, requires an interdisciplinary approach. Knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, chronopharmacology, modulators, and biologic/molecular markers must all be incorporated to ensure the development of safe... 

Pharmacogenetics the responses to dmgs may be significantiy different according to heritable factors that can modulate pharmacodynamic or pharmacogenetic factors (118). Atypical cholinesterase occurs in about 1 in 2000 Caucasians and is associated with a markedly reduced sensitivity to hydrolysis of the muscle-relaxant cholinesterase. Similarly, the reduced sensitivity to the anticoagulant warfarin is associated with a reduced receptor affinity. 

Drag => PK -I- PD => Individualized Dose Also pharmacogenetics (PG) can be integrated into a common concept, and be figured as pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic parameters (PD) for the individual patient. 

This volume covers topics including cultural perspectives in psychiatric diagnosis and psychopharmacotherapy, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics, pharmacogenetics of ethnic populations, ethnic variations in psychotropic responses, complementary medicines in mental disorders, attitudes towards psychotropic medications, prescribing practices in Asia-Pacific countries, pharmaco-economic implications, integrating theory and practice, and... 

It is widely held that differences exist in the usage and dosage of antipsychotics among ethnic minority groups. A number of factors are felt to account for these differences and include sociocultural variables (racial bias, cultural divide between patient and physician, language), as well as biological variables (pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic). 

Ratain MJ, Mick R, Janish L et al. Individualized dosing of amonafide based on a pharmacodynamic model incorporating acetylator phenotype and gender. Pharmacogenetics 1996 6 93-101. 

There is a diversity of opinion regarding definitions and benefits of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.1 3 For example, pharmacogenetics is often considered to be the study of inter-individual variations in DNA sequence related to drug absorption and disposition (pharmacokinetics, PK) or drug action (pharmacodynamics, PD). Polymorphic variation in the genes that encode the functions of transporters,... 

Hoskins, J. M., and Mcleod, H. L. (2006) Cancer pharmacogenetics the move from pharmacokinetics to pharmacodynamics. Current Pharmacogenomics. 4, 39 6. 

Keywords Anxiety Pharmacogenetic Pharmacogenomic Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic... 

Minami H, Sai K, Saeki M et al. Irinotecan pharmacokineitcs/pharmacodynamics and UGTIA genetic polymorphisms in Japanese Roles ofUGTlAl 6 and 28. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007 17 497-504. 

Key Words pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics polymorphisms candidate gene approaeh pathway analysis genomewide sean... 

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