Pharmaceuticals norfloxacin

S. Basavoju, D. Bostrdm, S.P. Velga, Pharmaceutical cocrystal and salts of norfloxacin, Cryst. Growth Des. 6 (2006) 2699-2708. 

Currently there is considerable interest in fluoroquinolone antibacterials as these pharmaceuticals are used for the treatment of infections resulting from exposure to Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). In particular, Ciprofloxacin is specifically recommended however, utilization of other fluoroquinolones such as Levaquin and Te-quin is imder investigation. The first fluoroquinolone to establish clinical usage was Norfloxacin (1). This pharmaceutical also serves as an excellent example of the typical synthesis of fluoroquinolones which are almost invariably prepared via nucleophilic addition (SwAr) of an amine to a fluorochloroquinolone (2) as the final step (Scheme 1 However, it is known that this step may produce 10 - 25 % of an undesrred fluoro-substituted byproduct (3). ... 

Okhamafe AO, Akerele JO, Chukuka CS. Pharmacokinetic interactions of norfloxacin with some metallic medicinal agents. Int J Pharmaceutics (1991) 68, 11-18. 

S. Wallis, B. Charles, L. Gahan, L. Filippich, M. Bredhauer, and P. Duckworth, Interaction of norfloxacin with divalent and trivalent pharmaceutical cations. In vitro complexation and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the dog, J. Pharm. ScL, 85, 803-809 (1996). 

S. Velaga, S. Basavoju, and D. Bostroem, Norfloxacin saccharinate-saccharin dihydrate co-crystal - A new pharmaceutical co-crystal with an organic counter ion, J. Mol Struct., 889, 150-153 (2008). 

The simultaneous and pH-assisted spectrofluorimetric determination of Norfloxacin (NFLX) and Gatifloxacin (GFLX) in the same sample in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. The method implies the formation of coordination complexes between Tb and Eu + and NFLX or GFLX in sol-gel matrix. The luminescence intensity of Tb and Eu + for these complexes in their mixtures is quite sensitive to two variant sets of pH and thus a dual-controlled luminescence is achieved and a reversible on/off switchable emission of one system was observed by timing its optimal values of... 

Table 14.5 Determination of Norfloxacin and Gatifloxacin in serum and pharmaceutical preparations using Eu and Tb optical sensor doped in sol-gel matrix.

Nearly three decades passed since the time when the first representatives of the fluoroquinolone family of antibacterials, such as norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin had appeared in the world pharmaceutical market (Scheme 1). 

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