Pharmaceutical industry, protease applications

The objective of cloning bacterial protease genes has been mainly the over production of enzymes for various commercial applications in the food, detergent and pharmaceutical industries. The virulence of several bacteria is related to the secretion of several extracellular proteases. Gene cloning in these microbes was studied to understand the basis of their pathogenicity and to develop therapeutics against them. Proteases play an important... 

Proteases are enzymes that break down protein molecules through peptide bond hydrolysis [1]. They are commercially employed in many industrial processes. In foods, proteases have two main applications in the processing of traditional food products and in the processing of new protein-based ingredients called functional foods [2]. Proteases are also used in other industrial segments such as leather industry, pharmaceutical, waste management, and the detergent industry. Currently, microbial proteases make up approximately 40% of total enzyme sales [3, 4]. 

The first detailed description of the drying of products in spray form was mentioned in a patent of 1872 entitled Improvement of Drying and Concentration of Liquid Substances by Atomizing (2). However, this process found its first significant applications in the milk and detergent industries in the 1920 s (3). In current times, spray drying is utilized extensively in many aspects of our daily life from food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to chemicals, fabrics, and electronics. Typical pharmaceutical examples include spray-dried enzymes (such as amylase, protease, lipase, and trypsin), antibiotics (such as sulfathiazole, streptomycin, penicillin, and tetracycline) and many other active pharmaceutical ingredients, vitamins (such as ascorbic acid and vitamin B12), and excipients for direct compression (such as lactose, mannitol, and microcrystalline cellulose). 

Thermophilic protease from fungi have contributed to food industry in a big way. Besides that they have broad substrate specificity and contribute to processing of biomass into fuel (Bazarzhapov et al., 2006 O Donoghue et al., 2008 Macchione et al., 2008 Li et al., 2009 Zanphorlin et al., 2010 Li et al., 2011 Liao et al., 2012 Silva et al., 2014). Broadly, protease enz5me has wide applications in dairy, detergents, pharmaceuticals and food industries. In food industries thermoresistant protease enzymes are widely used as a meat tenderizer, production of amino acid concentrates, etc. 

---