Phalloidin labeling

Note Be aware that phalloidin labeling is incompatible with alcohol treatment. 

A. Preparation of Rhodamine Phalloidin-Labeled Actin Filaments... 

FIGURE 2 Collage demonstrating the movement of rhodamine phalloidin-labeled actin filaments over a myosin-coated surface. Panels a-e are direct photographs of the video monitor at 30-sec intervals. Panel f shows a plot of the centroid position of selected actin filaments in the field, with arrows showing the direction of movement. The figure is taken from Collins et al. (1990). 

Two vol of 20 nM rhodamine phalloidin labeled actin in buffer B is used to wash the flow cell. 

FIGURE 3 Construction of the flow cell for the sliding actin in vitro motility assay. The paired irregular yellow strips represent the grease that adheres the coverslip (on top) to the slide. The coverslip slivers that are used as spacers are narrower than the top coverslip. The pink liquid represents a solution of rhodamine phalloidin-labeled actin that is being applied to the flow cell. 

Rhodamine-phalloidin-labeled cytoskeletal actin cell, dried on silica 34... 

Wieland, T., et al. Identity of hepatic membrane transport systems for bile salts, phalloidin, and antamanide by photoaffinity labeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1984, 81, 5232-5236. 

Labeling with fluorescent phalloidins may be combined with immunostaining. In this case, the phalloidin-staining solution can be applied in a mixture with fluores-cently labeled secondary antibodies. Combination of immunostaining with fluorescent phalloidins and fluorescently counterstained nuclei are extremely useful in multiple labeling strategies to locate antigens of interest with specific components of the cell. 

Labeled phallotoxines (phalloidins) The bicyclic peptides isolated from Amanita phalloides mushroom bind selectively to F-actin in nanomolar concentrations. They have advantages over antibodies for actin labeling... 

Fig. 1 Lateral line neuromasts in zebrafish larvae, (a) Lateral view of live untreated 8 dpf zebrafish larvae (anterior to the left and dorsal up) stained with 5 pM 4-Di-2-Asp. (b) A neuromast from a fixed 5 dpf eleutheroembryo containing hair cells labeled for f-actin with phalloidin-Alexa 488. (c) Lateral view of a fixed 5 dpf larva containing lateral line neuromast stained with anti-acetylated alpha-tubulin, (d) Hair cells in a neuromast, with the stereocilia bundles in green (phalloidin-Alexa 488) and the kinocilia in red (alpha-tubulin, 1/1000)...

Remove blocking solution and add 100 iL of PBS+2% BSA with TO-PRO-3 (1 100) and phalloidin-Alexa Fluor 543 (1 100) to label cell nuclei and actin filaments, respectively. 

SANS studies and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy have been successfully combined to study the size of water-in-oil (heptane) microemulsions stabilized by sodium Z A-2-ethylhexyl sulpho succinate (AOT) with and without a fluorescently labeled peptide (phalloidin, a fungal toxin of mass 789 Da) and protein (ot-chymotrypsin, a serine protease of mass 25 kDa). In incorporation of the small peptide, phalloidin did not increase the size of the microemulsion droplets whereas the presence of ot-chymotrypsin significantly increased the size of the microemulsion droplets. Furthermore, the studies suggested that while all the phalloidin was in the disperse water phase, the a-chymotrypsin appears to be dispersed in the oil phase in monomeric form and protected from contact with the oil by a shell of surfactant. 

C2 toxin-induced depolymerization of actin filaments is visualized by fluorescence labeling of actin with FITC- or Rhodamine-phalloidin. 

The cytoskeleton is a cellular scaffold within the cytoplasm of the cell or within structures such as flagella, cilia, and lamellipodia. The cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in cellular integrity/structural support, cell division, cell motility, and intracellular transport. Staining of the cytoskeleton may be achieved by immunofluorescence in fixed cells however there are also dyes available, such as fluorescently labelled phalloidin, which directly labels actin filaments, as well as tubulin tracker which labels microtubules (Molecular Probes). Phalloidin is poorly permeable to living cells however, phalloidin derivatives with improved permeability properties are also available. Although both phalloidin derivatives and microtubule tracker can be used in live cells, it should be noted that both dyes are toxic as they inhibit cell division, and therefore limits their applications. 

Fig. 4. Actin cytoskeletal organization (labeled with phalloidin-FITC) of hFOB 1.19 grown for 48h on a) plastic support (A) - original magnification 16x b) sucrose film deposited on glass support SI (B) - original magnification 32x.

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