Pfiesteria shumwayae

Berry JP, Reece KS, Rein KS, Baden DG, Haas LW, Ribeiro WL, Shields JD, Snyder RV, Vogelbein WK, Gawley RE (2002) Are Pfiesteria species toxicogenic Evidence against production of ich-thyotoxins by Pfiesteria shumwayae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 10970-10975 Bhakuni DS, Rawat DS (2005) Bioactive marine natural products. Springer, New York Blunt JW, Copp BR, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR (2006) Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 23 26-78... 

Berry, J.P. et al.. Are Pfiesteria species toxicogenic Evidence against production of ichthyotoxins by Pfiesteria shumwayae, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 10970, 2002. 

Vogelbein, W.K. et al., Pfiesteria shumwayae kills fish by micropredation not exotoxin secretion. Nature A %, 967, 2002. 

Gilbert, P.M. et al.. Direct uptake of nitrogen by Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae, and nitrogen nutritional preferences. Harmful Algae 5, 380, 2006. 

Parrow, M.W. et al.. Contaminant-free cultivation of Pfiesteria shumwayae (Dinophyceae) on a fish cell fine, Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 39, 97, 2005. 

Rublee, P.A. et al., Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae in coastal waters of Long Island, New York, USA, Harmful Algae 5, 374, 2006. 

Comparison of Morphological Differences between Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae and Pfiesteria piscicida... 

At about the same time, others groups began investigating the toxicity of Pfiesteria using alternative approaches. One group examined organic extracts of lyophilized Pfiesteria cells, all of which failed to kill larval fish [18], Since most known algal toxins have a polyketide structure, other researchers used molecular primers to demonstrate that at least P. shumwayae most likely lacked the polyketide synthases needed to synthesize this class of toxins [18]. 

Rublee, RA. et al.. Detection of the Dinozoans Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae a review of detection methods and geographic distribution, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 52, 83, 2005. 

Cancellieri, P.J. et al., Chemosensory attraction of zoospores of the estuarine dinoflagellates, Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae, to finfish mucus and excreta, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 264, 29, 2001. 

Miller, T.R. and Belas, R. (2003) Pfiesteria piscicida, P. shumwayae, and other PfiesteriaALks dinofiagellates. Res. Microbiol., 154, 85-90. 

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